An Enhanced Hybrid Switching-Frequency Modulation Strategy for Fuel Cell Vehicle Three-Level DC-DC Converters with Quasi-Z Source

Zhang, Yun; Shi, Jilong; Fu, Chuanzhi; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Ping; Li, Jingyuan; Sumner, Mark

doi:10.3390/en11051026

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The strategy should be locally optimised for each prosumer based on the prosumer predicted consumption patterns and should include a future prediction for the generation patterns. Zhang et al [32] proposed an enhanced hybrid switching-frequency modulation strategy for a fuel cell vehicle to improve the voltage-gain range of a three-level DC to DC converter. The suggested modulation strategy retained similar benefits to the original modulation strategy with more suitable duty cycles.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

2021

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As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

2021

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“…The use of direct water injection as an energy recovery approach is a very recent strategy and is being studied by various researchers. [ 13–16 ] In the studies by Zhang and Li [ 13 ] and Li and Zhang, [ 14 ] GT‐POWER solver was used to estimate the potential efficiency benefit of in‐cylinder direct injection of the steam superheated by the thermal energy of exhaust gas. The steam was injected into the engine chamber during the compression stroke of a turbocharged diesel engine, [ 13 ] whereas in Li and Zhang [ 14 ] during the expansion stroke of a natural gas turbocharged engine, with an appropriate timing to avoid an interaction with combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 13–16 ] In the studies by Zhang and Li [ 13 ] and Li and Zhang, [ 14 ] GT‐POWER solver was used to estimate the potential efficiency benefit of in‐cylinder direct injection of the steam superheated by the thermal energy of exhaust gas. The steam was injected into the engine chamber during the compression stroke of a turbocharged diesel engine, [ 13 ] whereas in Li and Zhang [ 14 ] during the expansion stroke of a natural gas turbocharged engine, with an appropriate timing to avoid an interaction with combustion. Indeed, the injection of a large amount of water steam right before or during combustion would influence the chemical kinetics and flame propagation and this interaction was not modeled in such works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Direct Injection of Supercritical Water into Spark Ignition Engines as a Strategy for Heat Recovery

2021

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A novel heat recovery strategy for internal combustion engines is proposed. The aim is to recover thermal energy from the engine exhaust gases and through cylinder walls to heat pressurized water to supercritical conditions and to directly inject such supercritical water into the combustion chamber. Herein, this strategy is applied to a spark ignition, four‐stroke, port fuel injection engine. An in‐house solver, which includes a heat exchanger model, has been developed to conduct numerical simulations of the apparatus. At first, the engine model has been validated by comparing the results with experimental measurements. Then, a parametric analysis has been conducted to maximize the engine efficiency by varying the injection start timing, the injector diameter, and the water/fuel ratio. A single‐objective genetic algorithm has been used to select the optimal set of such parameters. Finally, a multiobjective genetic algorithm has been used to maximize the engine efficiency and minimize the exhaust gas–water heat exchanger size. The results show that the proposed approach may lead to a significant increase in the engine efficiency, up to about 12%.

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“…In the advancement of ZSI, it finds variety of applications such as; variable-speed electrical drives [8,9], uninterruptible power supply [10], in distributed power generations (such as photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, and wind, etc. ), energy storage system (such as battery and supercapacitor), and electric vehicles [11][12][13]. An earned mark of the Z-source inverter has lost its capability in the form of the input and output voltage ratio profile, switching stress and utilization of higher modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified High Voltage Gain Quasi-Impedance Source Coupled Inductor Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic Application

Periyanayagam¹,

Kumar

Bharatiraja

et al. 2020

Energies

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The quasi-impedance source inverters/quasi-Z source inverters (Q-ZSIs) have shown improvement to overwhelmed shortcomings of regular voltage-source inverters (VSIs) and current-source inverters (CSIs) in terms of efficiency and buck-boost type operations. The Q-ZSIs encapsulated several significant merits against conventional ZSIs, i.e., realized buck/boost, inversion and power conditioning in a single power stage with improved reliability. The conventional inverters have two major problems; voltage harmonics and boosting capability, which make it impossible to prefer for renewable generation and general-purpose applications such as drive acceleration. This work has proposed a Q-ZSI with five-level six switches coupled inverter. The proposed Q-ZSI has the merits of operation, reduced passive components, higher voltage boosting capability and high efficiency. The modified space vector pulse width modulation (PWM) developed to achieve the desired control on the impedance network and inverter switching states. The proposed PWM integrates the boosting and regular inverter switching state within one sampling period. The PWM has merits such as reduction of coupled inductor size, total harmonic reduction with enhancing of the fundamental voltage profile. In comparison with other multilevel inverters (MLI), it utilizes only half of the power switch and a lower modulation index to attain higher voltage gain. The proposed inverter dealt with photovoltaic (PV) system for the stand-alone load. The proposed boost inverter topology, operating performance and control algorithm is theoretically investigated and validated through MATLAB/Simulink software and experimental upshots. The proposed topology is an attractive solution for the stand-alone and grid-connected system.

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An Enhanced Hybrid Switching-Frequency Modulation Strategy for Fuel Cell Vehicle Three-Level DC-DC Converters with Quasi-Z Source

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

On Direct Injection of Supercritical Water into Spark Ignition Engines as a Strategy for Heat Recovery

A Modified High Voltage Gain Quasi-Impedance Source Coupled Inductor Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic Application

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