An empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve in China: A panel cointegration approach

Export product diversification and the environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from Turkey

“…This situation continues until the country reaches a high level of income. When the country reaches a certain level of income, CO2 emissions decline (Kearsly and Riddel, 2010; Narayan and Narayan, 2010; Song et al, 2008). The main goal of countries at the first stage of economic development is to increase their development level, that is, to increase their output level and to create new job opportunities.…”

Does export product quality matter for CO2 emissions? Evidence from China

“…Higher economic activity as well as a higher demand for energy inputs have caused a higher emission of pollutants and worsened environmental conditions in the country (Onafowora and Owoye, 2014). Therefore, policies on economic growth and protection of environmental quality are highly related in China (Song et al, 2008), due to the fact that China is the country that discharges the most CO2 emissions in the world (Chang, 2010). However, the Chinese government has been under tremendous pressure from international organizations since the early 2000s; therefore, it has taken various measures to reduce the level of CO2 emissions (Wang et al, 2016a).…”

CO2 emissions and economic activity: Heterogeneity across countries and non-stationary series

“…Therefore, it depends on the type of technological and composition change that these effects compensate or reinforce the scale effect for a specific pollutant. and Norman, 2004;Egli, 2004;Hung and Shawn, 2004;Shen, 2006;Halicioglu, 2008;Piaggio, 2008;Song et al, 2008;and Wang, 2009). …”

“…The analysis of the series stationarity and cointegration when these are non stationary have been developed by various authors in the last decade, both for panel data and for individual countries studies (Perman andStern, 1999 and2003;Lekakis, 2000;Roca et al, 2001;Friedl and Getzner, 2003;Egli, 2004;Dinda and Coondoo, 2006;Wagner, 2008;Halicioglu, 2008;Piaggio, 2008;Song et al, 2008;Lee andLee, 2009 andWang, 2009). …”