An empirical model for the altitude of the OH nightglow emission

Liu, G.; Shepherd, G. G.

doi:10.1029/2005gl025297

Cited by 90 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Figure 4 (middle panels) shows that mesospheric temperature was higher than climatology during the descent of the OH layer. Although there has been only limited observational evidence determining the link between the temperature and the OH layer at 82 km because few instruments were able to measure nighttime OH before the start of the Aura MLS mission, previous analyses were performed on the emission rate of OH nightglow (e.g., Liu and Shepherd, 2006;Cho and Shepherd, 2006). They showed that the integrated emission rate is related negatively to the altitude and positively to the temperature, and they suggested vertical motions as the most likely candidate to explain such behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the nighttime OH layer and mesospheric ozone at high latitudes during northern winter: influence of meteorology

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the nighttime OH layer and mesospheric ozone at high latitudes during northern winter: influence of meteorology

et al. 2010

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“…However, the hydroxyl temperature difference (up to 8 K in winter) between the maximum and minimum periods of solar activity is not accompanied by any significant difference in the density. Recently Liu and Shepherd (2006) showed from WINDII/UARS observations that in the latitudinal region 40 S-40 N the height response of the hydroxyl emission layer to solar activity is about 1 km/100 sfu. Considering the current atmospheric models (e.g.…”

Section: Discussion On Mechanisms Of Solar Activity Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently Beig et al (2003) have drawn special attention to the importance of solar activity influence on the MLT region. A number of papers on this problem has been published (Burns et al, 2002;Gavrilyeva and Ammosov, 2002;Clemesha et al, 2005;Scheer et al, 2005;Beig, 2006;Golitsyn et al, 2006;Liu and Shepherd, 2006). They showed that the investigation of the solar signature in variations of the MLT emission characteristics require highprecision measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the mesopause airglow to solar activity inferred from measurements at Zvenigorod, Russia

Pertsev

Perminov

2008

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract.Ground-based spectrographical observations of infrared emissions of the mesopause region have been made at Zvenigorod Observatory (56 N, 37 E), located near Moscow, Russia, for 670 nights of [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006]. The characteristics of the hydroxyl and molecular oxygen (865 nm) airglow, heights of which correspond to 87 and 94 km, are analyzed for finding their response to solar activity. The measured data exhibit a response to the F 10.7 solar radio flux change, which is 30%-40%/100 sfu in intensities of the emissions and about 4.5 K/100 sfu in hydroxyl temperature. Seasonal variations of the airglow response to solar activity are observed. In winter it is more significant than in summer. Mechanisms that may provide an explanation of the solar influence on intensities of the emissions and temperature are considered. Radiative processes not involving atmospheric dynamics appear insufficient to explain the observed effect.

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“…Indeed, the degree of consistency reported for the height of this layer was one of the factors that prompted the type of statistical comparison undertaken here. As a result of measurements by the WINDII instrument on the UARS satellite (Lowe, 1995;Zhang and Shepherd, 1999;Liu and Shepherd, 2006), it is now known that the altitude of the peak emission of the OH*(3-1) Meinel band undergoes small departures (<±3 km) as a function of time of year, latitude and phase of the solar cycle. We return to this point in detail in the discussion, but for the moment we treat the OH emission as if it arises from a globally uniform stable layer fixed in altitude and in depth.…”

Section: Calculation Of Oh-equivalent Temperatures From Satellite Temmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disagreement between the OH-equivalent temperatures and the ground-based measurements in winter time can easily be attributed to the fact that a constant altitude profile was used in calculating the OH-equivalent temperatures, whereas in reality, the OH emission layer changes its altitude as a function of season and latitude (Lowe, 1995;Zhang and Shepherd, 1999;Liu and Shepherd, 2006). In addition, the profile of the OH VER departs from a simple layer to a more complex structure between 5 and 25% of the time (Melo et al, 2000), with a two-peaked structure being the most common.…”

Section: Ace-maynooth Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

OH-equivalent temperatures derived from ACE-FTS and SABER temperature profiles – a comparison with OH*(3-1) temperatures from Maynooth (53.2° N, 6.4° W)

Mulligan

Lowe

2008

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. OH-equivalent temperatures were derived from all of the temperature profiles retrieved in 2004 and 2005 by the ACE-FTS instrument in a 5 degree band of latitude centred on a ground-based observing station at Maynooth. A globally averaged OH volume emission rate (VER) profile obtained from WINDII data was employed as a weighting function to compute the equivalent temperatures. The annual cycle of temperature thus produced was compared with the annual cycle of temperatures recorded at the ground-based station more than a decade earlier from the OH*(3-1) Meinel band. Both data sets showed excellent agreement in the absolute value of the temperature minimum (∼162 K) and in its time of occurrence in the annual cycle at summer solstice. Away from mid-summer, however, the temperatures diverged and reach a maximum disagreement of more than 20 K in mid-winter. Comparison of the Maynooth ground-based data with the corresponding results from two nearby stations in the same time-period indicated that the Maynooth data are consistent with other ground stations. The temperature difference between the satellite and ground-based datasets in winter was reduced to 14-15 K by lowering the peak altitude of the weighting function to 84 km. An unrealistically low peak altitude would be required, however, to bring temperatures derived from the satellite into agreement with the ground-based data.OH equivalent temperatures derived from the SABER instrument using the same weighting function produced results that agreed well with ACE-FTS. When the OH 1.6 µm VER profile measured by SABER was used as the weighting function, the OH equivalent temperatures increased in winter as expected but the summer temperatures were reduced resulting in an approximately constant offset of 8.6±0.8 K Correspondence to: F. J. Mulligan (frank.mulligan@nuim.ie) between ground and satellite values with the ground values higher. Variability in both the altitude and width of the OH layer within a discernable seasonal variation were responsible for the changes introduced. The higher temperatures in winter were due to primarily to the lower altitude of the OH layer, while the colder summer temperatures were due to a thinner summer OH layer. We are not aware of previous reports of the effect of the layer width on ground-based temperatures.Comparison of OH-equivalent temperatures derived from ACE-FTS and SABER temperature profiles with OH*(3-1) temperatures from Wuppertal at 51.3 • N which were measured during the same period showed a similar pattern to the Maynooth data from a decade earlier, but the warm offset of the ground values was lower at 4.5±0.5 K. This discrepancy between temperatures derived from ground-based instruments recording hydroxyl spectra and satellite borne instruments has been observed by other observers. Further work will be required by both the satellite and ground-based communities to identify the exact cause of this difference.

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An empirical model for the altitude of the OH nightglow emission

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Variability of the nighttime OH layer and mesospheric ozone at high latitudes during northern winter: influence of meteorology

Variability of the nighttime OH layer and mesospheric ozone at high latitudes during northern winter: influence of meteorology

Response of the mesopause airglow to solar activity inferred from measurements at Zvenigorod, Russia

OH-equivalent temperatures derived from ACE-FTS and SABER temperature profiles – a comparison with OH*(3-1) temperatures from Maynooth (53.2° N, 6.4° W)

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