An Empirical Model for Pollen‐Mediated Gene Flow in Wheat

Gustafson, David I.; Horak, Michael J.; Rempel, Curtis; Metz, S. G.; Gigax, D. R.; Hucl, P.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0137

Cited by 56 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Pollen-mediated gene flow has been quantified in detail in several crops using transgenic and marker genes including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Gustafson et al, 2005;Hucl, 1996;Hucl and Matus-Cadiz, 2001;Matus-Cadiz et al, 2007), oilseed rape (B. napus) (Beckie et al, 2003;Damgaard and Kjellsson, 2005;Rieger et al, 2002;Weekes et al, 2005) and maize (Zea mays L.) (Goggi et al, 2006(Goggi et al, , 2007Gustafson et al, 2006;Weekes et al, 2007) (reviewed in Beckie andHall, 2008). Because of differences in research design and source plot size, studies are difficult to compare directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic safflower (CarthamustinctoriusL.) intended for plant molecular farming to conventional safflower

McPherson

Good

Topinka

et al. 2009

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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Field experiments were conducted in Chile and western Canada to measure short-distance (0 to 100 m) outcrossing from transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) intended for plant molecular farming to nontransgenic commodity safflower of the same variety. The transgenic safflower used as the pollen source was transformed with a construct for seed-specific expression of a high-value protein and constitutive expression of a gene conferring resistance to the broad-spectrum herbicide glufosinate. Progeny of non-transgenic plants grown in plots adjacent to the transgenic pollen source were screened for glufosinate resistance to measure outcrossing frequency. Outcrossing frequency differed among locations: values closest to the transgenic pollen source (0 to 3 m) ranged from 0.48 to 1.67% and rapidly declined to between 0.0024 to 0.03% at distances of 50 to 100 m. At each location, outcrossing frequency was spatially heterogeneous, indicating insects or wind moved pollen asymmetrically. A power analysis assuming a binomial distribution and a range of alpha values (type 1 error) was conducted to estimate an upper and lower confidence interval for the probable transgenic seed frequency in each sample. This facilitated interpretation when large numbers of seeds were screened from the outcrossing experiments and no transgenic seeds were found. This study should aid regulators and the plant molecular farming industry in developing confinement strategies to mitigate pollen mediated gene flow from transgenic to non-transgenic safflower.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic safflower (CarthamustinctoriusL.) intended for plant molecular farming to conventional safflower

McPherson

Good

Topinka

et al. 2009

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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“…Gustafson et al (2005) reported that the size of the pollen source had little effect on gene flow frequency in the field using a model of wheat gene flow frequency. Furthermore, no significant effect on gene flow frequency was detected from the test carried out by Rong (2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and comparison of transgenic Artemisia annua GYR and wild-type NON-GYR plants in an environmental release trial

Liu

Wu²,

Wang

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Similar conclusions were drawn by Hanson et al (2005b) and Gatford et al (2006). Using a Nelder wheel design with a central pollinator source (0.16 ha), Hanson et al (2005b) Based on data from previous studies, Gustafson et al (2005) developed an empirical model which demonstrated that even in the absence of buffer zones, gene flow in harvested-blended (harvested grain from entire field blended together) wheat would be B0.1%, well below any labeling thresholds. However, Willenborg and Van Acker (2006) contend that there are serious problems with both the approach taken and conclusions drawn from the model results.…”

Section: Intraspecific and Interspecific Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and ecology of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its implications for trait confinement

Willenborg¹,

Acker²

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Willenborg, C. J. and Van Acker, R. C. 2008. The biology and ecology of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its implications for trait confinement. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 997Á1013. This review summarizes the biological and ecological factors of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that contribute to trait movement including the ability to volunteer, germination and establishment characteristics, breeding system, pollen movement, and hybridization potential. Although wheat has a short-lived seedbank with a wide range of temperature and moisture requirements for germination and no evidence of secondary dormancy, volunteer wheat populations are increasing in relative abundance and some level of seed persistence in the soil has been observed. Hexaploid wheat is predominantly self-pollinating with cleistogamous flowers and pollen viability under optimal conditions of only 0.5 h, yet observations indicate that pollen-mediated gene flow can and will occur at distances up to 3 km and is highly dependent on prevailing wind patterns. Hybridization with wild relatives such as A. cylindrica Host., Secale cereale L., and Triticum turgidum L. is a serious concern in regions where these species grow in field margins and unmanaged lands, regardless of which genome the transgene is located on. More research is needed to determine the long-term population dynamics of volunteer wheat populations before conclusions can be drawn with regard to their role in trait movement. Seed movement has the potential to create adventitious presence (AP) on a larger scale than pollen, and studies tracing the movement of wheat seed in the grain handling system are needed. Finally, the development of mechanistic models that predict landscape-level trait movement are required to identify transgene escape routes and critical points for gene containment in various cropping systems. ) qui concourent au flux de certains caracte`res, dont la repousse spontane´e, la germination et les parame`tres de l'implantation, le syste`me de reproduction, le de´placement du pollen et le potentiel d'hybridation. Bien que les semences du ble´n'aient pas une grande longe´vite´et que leur germination soit lie´e a`maintes contraintes thermiques et hydriques, sans e´vidence de dormance secondaire, les peuplements a`re´ge´ne´ration naturelle sont de plus en plus nombreux et on note une certaine persistance des semences dans le sol. Le ble´hexaploı¨de est essentiellement autogame; ses fleurs sont cle´istogames et, dans les conditions optimales, le pollen n'est viable que 0,5 h. Pourtant, des observations indiquent que le pollen est responsable d'un flux ge´ne´tique jusqu'a`une distance de 3 km, mais que le phe´nome`ne de´pend fortement de la direction des vents dominants. L'hybridation avec des espe`ces sauvages apparente´es telles A. cylindrica Host., Secale cereale L. et Triticum turgidum L. est tre`s pre´occupante dans les re´gions ou`ces espe`ces poussent a`la lisie`re des champs et dans les terres incultes, peu importe le ge´nome portant le transge`ne. Il faudr...

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An Empirical Model for Pollen‐Mediated Gene Flow in Wheat

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic safflower (CarthamustinctoriusL.) intended for plant molecular farming to conventional safflower

Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic safflower (CarthamustinctoriusL.) intended for plant molecular farming to conventional safflower

Characterization and comparison of transgenic Artemisia annua GYR and wild-type NON-GYR plants in an environmental release trial

The biology and ecology of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its implications for trait confinement

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