An Empirical Analysis of Smart Contracts: Platforms, Applications, and Design Patterns

Bartoletti, Massimo; Pompianu, Livio

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70278-0_31

Cited by 350 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The whole application consists of 12 contracts with 19 functions in total, among which 9 are public/external functions that can be a transaction entry. We choose Pool-Shark because its scale and complexity is representative of common applications hosted on Ethereum [33], [34]. To facilitate the repeat of our case study, we publish all the faulty versions and test cases at [35].…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basis Path Coverage Criteria for Smart Contract Application Testing

Wang

Xie

et al. 2019

2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC)

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The widespread recognition of the smart contracts has established their importance in the landscape of next generation blockchain technology. However, writing a correct smart contract is notoriously difficult. Moreover, once a state-changing transaction is confirmed by the network, the result is immutable. For this reason, it is crucial to perform a thorough testing of a smart contract application before its deployment. This paper's focus is on the test coverage criteria for smart contracts, which are objective rules that measure test quality. We analyze the unique characteristics of the Ethereum smart contract program model as compared to the conventional program model. To capture essential control flow behaviors of smart contracts, we propose the notions of whole transaction basis path set and bounded transaction interaction. The former is a limited set of linearly independent inter-procedural paths from which the potentially infinite paths of Ethereum transactions can be constructed by linear combination, while the latter is the permutations of transactions within a certain bound. Based on these two notions, we define a family of path-based test coverage criteria. Algorithms are given to the generation of coverage requirements. A case study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of the proposed test coverage criteria with random testing and statement coverage testing.

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Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basis Path Coverage Criteria for Smart Contract Application Testing

Wang

Xie

et al. 2019

2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC)

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“…Voting on Blockchains is a comparatively young but quite fruitful area of research [1,2,18]. In a similar vein, but related to a very different area of computer science, one could also draw parallels between our pattern and MapReduce [6], with the Map phase being the off-chained computation and the Reduce step as the election of a final solution by a Blockchain.…”

Section: Problem Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Information Disclosure of Off-Chained Computations Using Threshold Encryption

Stengele

Hartenstein

2018

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Public Blockchains on their own are, by definition, incapable of keeping data private and disclosing it at a later time. Control over the eventual disclosure of private data must be maintained outside a Blockchain by withholding and later publishing encryption keys, for example. We propose the Atomic Information Disclosure (AID) pattern based on threshold encryption that allows a set of key holders to govern the release of data without having access to it. We motivate this pattern with problems that require independently reproduced solutions. By keeping submissions private until a deadline expires, participants are unable to plagiarise and must therefore generate their own solutions which can then be aggregated and analysed to determine a final answer. We outline the importance of a game-theoretically sound incentive scheme, possible attacks, and other future work.

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“…Because of their resilience to tampering, smart contracts are used in many scenarios such as transfer of money, games etc. [2]. Ethereum supports two types of accounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Personal Data Using Smart Contracts

Rahman

Baiardi

Guidi

et al. 2019

Internet and Distributed Computing Systems

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Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs) have been proposed as an alternative solution to the current centralized Online Social Networks (OSNs). Online Social Networks are based on centralized architecture (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, or Google+), while DOSNs do not have a service provider that acts as central authority and users have more control over their information. Several DOSNs have been proposed during the last years. However, the decentralization of the OSN requires efficient solutions for protecting the privacy of users, and to evaluate the trust between users. Blockchain represents a disruptive technology which has been applied to several fields, among these also to Social Networks. In this paper, we propose a manageable, user-driven and auditable access control framework for DOSNs using blockchain technology. In the proposed approach, the blockchain is used as a support for the definition of privacy policies. The resource owner uses the public key of the subject to define flexible role-based access control policies, while the private key associated with the subject's Ethereum account is used to decrypt the private data once access permission is validated on the blockchain. We evaluate our solution by exploiting the Rinkeby Ethereum testnet to deploy the smart contract, and to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed scheme in achieving auditable and user-driven access control via smart contract deployed on the Blockchain.

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An Empirical Analysis of Smart Contracts: Platforms, Applications, and Design Patterns

Cited by 350 publications

References 19 publications

Basis Path Coverage Criteria for Smart Contract Application Testing

Basis Path Coverage Criteria for Smart Contract Application Testing

Atomic Information Disclosure of Off-Chained Computations Using Threshold Encryption

Protecting Personal Data Using Smart Contracts

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