An emendation of the genus Hyaloscypha to include Fuscoscypha (Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycotina)

Baral, Hans-Otto; Sloover, Jacques R. De; Huhtinen, Seppo; Laukka, Tomi; Stenroos, Soili

doi:10.29203/ka.2009.430

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…However, our screening revealed three previously unknown bryosymbionts belonging to this genus. One of them, H. hepaticola , has recently been assigned to the genus (Baral et al., 2009). The remaining two will be dealt with in a separate paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple origins of symbioses between ascomycetes and bryophytes suggested by a five‐gene phylogeny

et al. 2010

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Numerous species of microscopic fungi inhabit mosses and hepatics. They are severely overlooked and their identity and nutritional strategies are mostly unknown. Most of these bryosymbiotic fungi belong to the Ascomycota. Their fruit-bodies are extremely small, often reduced and simply structured, which is why they cannot be reliably identified and classified by their morphological and anatomical characters. A phylogenetic hypothesis of bryosymbiotic ascomycetes is presented. New sequences of 78 samples, including 61 bryosymbionts, were produced, the total amount of terminals being 206. Of these, 202 are Ascomycetes. Sequences from the following five gene loci were used: rDNA SSU, rDNA LSU, RPB2, mitochondrial rDNA SSU, and rDNA 5.8S. The program TNT was used for tree search and support value estimation. We show that bryosymbiotic fungi occur in numerous lineages, one of which represents a newly discovered lineage among the Ascomycota and exhibits a tripartite association with cyanobacteria and sphagna. A new genus Trizodia is proposed for this basal clade. Our results demonstrate that even highly specialized life strategies can be adopted multiple times during evolution, and that in many cases bryosymbionts appear to have evolved from saprobic ancestors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple origins of symbioses between ascomycetes and bryophytes suggested by a five‐gene phylogeny

et al. 2010

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“…The Karlingiomycetes (7.3%), comprised of chitinophilic and cellulostic species (59), and Godronia (7.2%), which is known to infect blueberry and has also been found on lingonberry (Vaccinium vitus-idaea) branches (60), which populate this site (19), were also abundant. Following in abundance are Chloroscypha (5.7%), characterized by endophytic habits (61), the dematiaceous hypohomycete Sorocybe (resin fungus) (5.6%), the wood endophyte Hyalodendriella (4.6%), and the putative biotrophic parasite or saprobic Hyaloscypha (4.0%) (62), as well as the boreal ectomycorrhizal genus Russula (1.8%) (63), which were abundant in Arctic tundra associated with Betula nana, which was also abundant at our site (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity in Permafrost and Tallgrass Prairie Soils under Experimental Warming Conditions

Penton

StLouis

Cole

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Soil fungi play a major role in terrestrial ecosystem functioning through interactions with soil structure, plants, micro-and mesofauna, and nutrient cycling through predation, pathogenesis, mutualistic, and saprotrophic roles. The diversity of soil fungi was assessed by sequencing their 28S rRNA gene in Alaskan permafrost and Oklahoma tallgrass prairie soils at experimental sites where the effect of climate warming is under investigation. A total of 226,695 reads were classified into 1,063 genera, covering 62% of the reference data set. Using the Bayesian Classifier offered by the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) with 50% bootstrapping classification confidence, approximately 70% of sequences were returned as "unclassified" at the genus level, although the majority (ϳ65%) were classified at the class level, which provided insight into these lesser-known fungal lineages. Those unclassified at the genus level were subjected to BLAST analysis against the ARB-SILVA database, where ϳ50% most closely matched nonfungal taxa. Compared to the more abundant sequences, a higher proportion of rare operational taxonomic units (OTU) were successfully classified to genera at 50% bootstrap confidence, indicating that the fungal rare biosphere in these sites is not composed of sequencing artifacts. There was no significant effect after 1 year of warming on the fungal community structure at both sites, except perhaps for a few minor members, but there was a significant effect of sample depth in the permafrost soils. Despite overall significant community structure differences driven by variations in OTU dominance, the prairie and permafrost soils shared 90% and 63% of all fungal sequences, respectively, indicating a fungal "seed bank" common between both sites.

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“…Fungi such as Collophorina , Hyalodendriella and Hyaloscypha bicolor , which occurred sporadically in the soil, whilst being biotrophic parasites, may contribute to the final wilt [ 165 , 166 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar

Kwaśna

Szewczyk

Baranowska

et al. 2021

Plants

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In 2017, a 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. The leaves appeared smaller, yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died without distinct cankers. Trunks decayed from the base. The phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten percent of the trees died 1–2 months after the first appearance of the symptoms. None of these symptoms were typical for known poplar diseases. The trees’ mycobiota were analysed using Illumina sequencing. A total of 69 467 and 70 218 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the soil and wood. Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota occurred only in the soil, with very low frequencies (0.005% and 0.008%). Two taxa of Glomeromycota, with frequencies of 0.001%, occurred in the wood. In the soil and wood, the frequencies of Zygomycota were 3.631% and 0.006%, the frequencies of Ascomycota were 45.299% and 68.697%, and the frequencies of Basidiomycota were 4.119% and 2.076%. At least 400 taxa of fungi were present. The identifiable Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were represented by at least 18, 263 and 81 taxa, respectively. Many fungi were common to the soil and wood, but 160 taxa occurred only in soil and 73 occurred only in wood. The root pathogens included species of Oomycota. The vascular and parenchymal pathogens included species of Ascomycota and of Basidiomycota. The initial endophytic character of the fungi is emphasized. Soil, and possibly planting material, may be the sources of the pathogen inoculum, and climate warming is likely to be a predisposing factor. A water deficit may increase the trees’ susceptibility. The epidemiology of poplar vascular wilt reminds grapevine trunk diseases (GTD), including esca, black foot disease and Petri disease.

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An emendation of the genus Hyaloscypha to include Fuscoscypha (Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycotina)

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Multiple origins of symbioses between ascomycetes and bryophytes suggested by a five‐gene phylogeny

Multiple origins of symbioses between ascomycetes and bryophytes suggested by a five‐gene phylogeny

Fungal Diversity in Permafrost and Tallgrass Prairie Soils under Experimental Warming Conditions

Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar

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