An Electrochemically Reduced Copper/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film Modified Electrode for Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection in Human Serum

Abstract

Numerous studies suggest that modification with functional nanomaterials can enhance the electrode electrocatalytic activity, sensitivity, and selectivity of the electrochemical sensors. Here, a highly sensitive and cost-effective disposable non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on copper(II)/reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed carbon electrode is demonstrated. Facile fabrication of the developed sensing electrodes is carried out by the adsorption of copper(II) onto graphene oxide modified electrode, then following the electrochemical reduction. The proposed sensor illustrates good electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation with a wide linear detection range from 0.10 mM to 12.5 mM, low detection limit of 65 µM, and high sensitivity of 172 µA mM− 1 cm− 2 along with satisfactory anti-interference ability, reproducibility, stability, and the acceptable recoveries for the detection of glucose in a human serum sample (95.6–106.4%). The copper(II)/reduced graphene oxide based sensor with the superior performances is a great potential for the quantitation of glucose in real samples.

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“…Furthermore, to compare the surface coverage of PGE modified at different deposition potentials, CV was performed in 0.1 M BR buffer solution (pH 6.0) as supporting electrolyte (figure 1(D)). The surface coverage of the CuONP/PGE was calculated by integration of the anodic peak area based on equation ( 6) [29] surface coverage = peak area/nFAV (6) where n is the number of electrons transferred in the electrode (n = 2), F is the Faraday constant (96.487 C mol −1 ), A is the surface area of the electrode (0.91 cm 2 ), and V is the scan rate (V s −1 ). The calculated surface coverages of PGEs modified at −0.16, −0.3, and −0.6 V for 200 s were found to be 2.67 ± 0.42 × 10 −6 , 3.68 ± 0.79 × 10 −6 , and 10.84 ± 1.02 × 10 −6 mol cm −2 , respectively.…”

“…Under these conditions, the peak current (I pa ) reached its maximum value of 16.54 ± 1.27 mA, which was approximately four times higher than the unmodified PGE. These findings indicate that CuONPs effectively enlarge the electroactive surface area and exhibit superior electroactivity, attributed to the presence of copper (Cu(II)), which facilitates electron transfer and improves the conductivity within the electrode [29]. In order to obtain more comprehensive information, the surface morphology of the CuONP/PGEs was examined through SEM analyses.…”

Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Composed of Nanoflower Shaped CuO/Ag/SiNPs Based Composite Material with High Performance

“…Additionally, with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3, a low detection limit of 0.1 µM was noted. Additionally, Table 1 [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] compares the sensing performance of present modi ed sensing electrode to other non-enzymatic glucose sensors that have been previously reported. The lower detection limit of the CuO NPs/S doped graphene sensor means that it can detect lower concentrations of the analyte, which can be a desirable feature for certain applications.…”