An economic analysis of hyperketonemia testing and propylene glycol treatment strategies in early lactation dairy cattle

McArt, J.A.A.; Nydam, D.V.; Oetzel, Garrett R.; Guard, Chuck

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.06.017

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The cumulative incidence of HYK in the first 3 wk postpartum in experiment 1 was 29%, which did not differ between treatment groups. The median duration of untreated HYK is 5 d (McArt et al, 2011), so sampling weekly to detect HYK may underestimate the true incidence, albeit equally between treatments [McArt et al (2014) estimated the sensitivity would be 71% if testing once weekly starting at 3 DIM]. This incidence is lower than other studies in the same region using the same weekly sampling, where the cumulative herd incidence was 43% and the herd incidence ranged from 20 to 79% (Gordon et al, 2017a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of rumen-protected B vitamins and choline supplementation on health, production, and reproduction in transition dairy cows

Morrison

Reinhardt

Leclerc

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives were to determine the effects of a rumen-protected blend of B vitamins and choline (RPBC) on the incidence of health disorders, milk yield, and reproduction in early lactation and the effects on gene expression and liver fat infiltration. A randomized controlled trial in 3 commercial dairy herds (n = 1,346 cows with group as the experimental unit; experiment 1) and a university research herd (n = 50 cows with cow as the experimental unit; experiment 2) evaluated the use of 100 g/cow per d of commercially available proprietary RPBC supplement (Transition VB, Jefo, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada), or a placebo, fed 3 wk before to 3 wk after calving. In experiment 2 liver biopsies were taken at 4 and 14 ± 1 d in milk to measure triacylglycerol concentrations and expression of 28 genes selected to represent relevant aspects of liver metabolism. Treatment effects were assessed using multivariable mixed logistic regression models for binary health and reproductive outcomes; linear regression models for milk yield, dry matter intake, and liver outcomes; and survival analysis for time insemination and pregnancy. In experiment 1, treatment did not have an effect on the incidence of hyperketonemia (blood β-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 1.2 mmol/L; cumulative incidence to 3 wk postpartum of 28 to 30%), clinical health disorders, or udder edema. The prevalence of anovulation at 8 wk postpartum was 11% in the treatment group and 23% in the control but did not differ statistically given group-level randomization. Pregnancy at first insemination (33 and 35%) and median time to pregnancy to 200 d in milk (96 and 97 d) were not different between treatment and control, respectively. No difference was observed between treatment groups in milk yield or components through the first 3 Dairy Herd Improvement Association test days (44 kg/d in both groups, accounting for parity and components). In experiment 2, there were no differences between treatment groups in feed intake. Mean blood β-hydroxybutyrate was lower at wk 3 in RPBC (0.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.12 mmol/L) with no difference between treatments for mean blood concentrations of fatty acids (wk -1 or 1) and β-hydroxybutyrate at wk 1 or 2. The gene for acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) had lower mRNA abundance in RPBC with no difference between treatments for the other genes, but the expression of half of the genes assessed differed with days in milk. Liver triacylglycerol was lower in primiparous cows at 4 d in milk in RPBC (2.0 vs. 4.4 ± 1.2%) but not at 14 d in milk (2.2 vs. 3.2 ± 0.97%) with no treatment effect in multiparous cows (4.6 ± 0.8%). Accounting for parity, days in milk, fat and protein percentages, repeated test days, and a random effect of cow, no significant difference was observed between treatments in milk yield across the first 3 Dairy Herd Improvement Association tests (41.2 ± 1.3 in RPBC vs. 38.0 ± 1.4 kg/d in control). Under the diet and management conditions of the field study including low prevalence of clinical health disorders, in experiment 1 we did not detect a bene...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of rumen-protected B vitamins and choline supplementation on health, production, and reproduction in transition dairy cows

Morrison

Reinhardt

Leclerc

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…A few other studies investigated the economic consequences of different treatment strategies. They compared treatment strategies in combination with the testing of cows suspected of having SCK [7][8][9]. The current study performed a comparison of the different treatments after SCK or CK was diagnosed in order to reflect the current situation in Dutch dairy herds.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated concentrations of ketone bodies in blood are associated with a lower milk production and reproduction performance, and an increase in the culling of cows (e.g., [5]). While the level of the effects of a case of CK are in general more severe than for a case of SCK, they are both also associated with an increased probability of other disorders such as displaced abomasum (DA), cystic ovary and mastitis (e.g., [3,6]), and increased veterinary and treatment costs (e.g., [6][7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantifying the losses due to ketosis will enable veterinarians and farmers to make more informed decisions regarding the prevention and treatment of the disease. Some studies compared the economic consequences of various treatment strategies [7][8][9], whilst many more studies estimated the economic consequences of SCK and CK [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Raboisson et al [11] and Mostert et al [12] estimated average costs for a cow with SCK at €257 and €130 respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the combined costs of clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cows

et al. 2020

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Clinical ketosis (CK) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) are associated with lower milk production, lower reproductive performance, an increased culling of cows and an increased probability of other disorders. Quantifying the costs related to ketosis will enable veterinarians and farmers to make more informed decisions regarding the prevention and treatment of the disease. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the combined costs of CK and SCK using assumptions and input variables from a typical Dutch context. A herd level dynamic stochastic simulation model was developed, simulating 385 herds with 130 cows each. In the default scenario there was a CK probability of almost 1% and a SCK probability of 11%. The herds under the no risk scenario had no CK and SCK, while the herds under the highrisk scenario had a doubled probability of CK and SCK compared to the default scenario. The results from the simulation model were used to estimate the annual cash flows of the herds, including the costs related to milk production losses, treatment, displaced abomasum, mastitis, calf management, culling and feed, as well as the returns from sales of milk and calves. The difference between the annual net cash flows of farms in the no risk scenario and the default scenario provides the estimate of the herd level costs of ketosis. Average herd level costs of ketosis (CK and SCK combined) were €3,613 per year for a default farm and €7,371 per year for a high-risk farm. The costs for a single CK case were on average €709 (with 5 and 95 percentiles of €64 and €1,196, respectively), while the costs for a single SCK case were on average €150 (with 5 and 95 percentiles of €18 and €422, respectively) for the default farms. The differences in costs between cases occurred due to differences between cases (e.g., cow culled vs cow not culled, getting another disease vs not getting another disease).

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“…Again, the magnitude of the effect of hyperketonemia on metabolic disease and milk production was similar to that in the aforementioned studies. A randomized controlled trial also showed the value of oral propylene glycol therapy for cows with subclinical ketosis (McArt et al, 2011(McArt et al, , 2012a and described the cost and benefit of routine screening and treatment for hyperketonemia (McArt et al, 2014).…”

Section: Energy-and Macromineral-related Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle

Overton

McArt

Nydam

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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123

104

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Our aim in this Journal of Dairy Science centennial review is to describe the evolution of focus on metabolic indicators, from discovery and description to evaluation at the individual cow and subsequently herd levels, over the past 100 yr. Furthermore, we discuss current and future technologies that will be used in the dairy industry to utilize these indicators widely going forward. Knowledge of chemical changes in various fluids (e.g., blood, urine, and milk) accompanying numerous metabolic disease states in the dairy cow has existed since almost the beginning of the Journal of Dairy Science 100 yr ago. However, only during the last 25 yr have these metabolic indicators been developed into useful tools for cow- and herd-level monitoring for disease and management. From the 1920s through the 1940s, our understanding of the changes in blood chemistry accompanying milk fever and ketosis increased, as did our understanding of the underlying biology. In the 1950s and 1960s, workers studying ketosis and energy metabolism began to evaluate changes in lipid metabolism reflected by concentrations of circulating nonesterified fatty acids; furthermore, initial development occurred for on-farm tests of milk ketones. During the 1970s, blood metabolic profiling was applied to dairy farms but found to be of varied and limited usefulness. The turning point occurred when large epidemiologic studies of periparturient cow disease were pioneered in the United States, Canada, and Europe in the 1980s; these studies further solidified our understanding of risk factors and epidemiological interrelationships among disease, production, and reproduction. In the early 1990s, scientists first incorporated indicators of metabolic health into large observational studies and determined important epidemiological relationships between these indicators and outcomes of interest. This field of study blossomed during the 2000s as several research groups conducted multiple investigations into metabolic indicators related to energy metabolism and began to develop cow-level thresholds and herd-level alarms for use in monitoring and management. This work was accompanied by additional studies to validate point-of-care instruments that could be used to implement these strategies at the cow and herd levels. Work in the 2000s continued to identify and evaluate other physiological indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress; however, these have yet to be incorporated into large-scale cohort studies. Finally, use of technology (e.g., activity monitoring, cow-monitoring collars and tags, milk-based analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) continues to receive significant attention going forward to eventually allow for real-time and automatic monitoring of metabolic indicators and improved health and herd management on dairy farms.

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An economic analysis of hyperketonemia testing and propylene glycol treatment strategies in early lactation dairy cattle

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of rumen-protected B vitamins and choline supplementation on health, production, and reproduction in transition dairy cows

Effect of rumen-protected B vitamins and choline supplementation on health, production, and reproduction in transition dairy cows

Estimating the combined costs of clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cows

A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle

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