An ecological cost associated with protective symbionts of aphids

Polin, Sarah; Simon, Jean‐Christophe; Outreman, Yannick

doi:10.1002/ece3.991

Cited by 86 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For instance, A. pisum infected by parasitoid-protective symbionts may exert less defensive behaviors against predators such as ladybeetles, thus suffering from a higher predation than symbiont-free aphids (Polin et al, 2014). Similar observations were reported for aphids co-infected with Rickettsiella viridis and H. defensa, compared with aphids that were single infected with R. viridis (Polin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 64%

Nine facultative endosymbionts in aphids. A review

Guo

Hatt

et al. 2017

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology

112

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Aphids are frequently engaged in mutualistic associations with endosymbionts.Symbionts are bacterial or fungal microorganisms that can be obligate or facultative to aphids. Research showed facultative (or secondary) symbionts have numerous effects on their host aphids such as resistance to heat shock, parasitoids and fungus etc., which may consequently promote a co-evolution between symbionts and hosts. However, this symbiotic relation may be affected by several factors, such as the ability of symbionts to spread from aphids to others within and across populations, and the cost of infections for hosts. Moreover, aphid-symbionts interactions may be affected by aphid living environment such as its host plant, the presence of natural enemies or the temperature. Here we firstly described the functions of nine facultative symbionts (Serratia symbiotica, Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Rickettsia, Rickettsiella, PAXS (pea aphid X-type symbiont), Spiroplasma, Wolbachia and Arsenophonus) studied in aphids one by one, and discussed the associations between these symbionts and aphids, plants and environment. We aim to have a better knowledge of the roles the facultative symbionts play in aphid biology, ecology and evolution, which we believe can provide new inspirations for aphid control.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 64%

Nine facultative endosymbionts in aphids. A review

Guo

Hatt

et al. 2017

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the defensive symbiont H. defensa can be costly to the hosts Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis fabae (see, for example, Vorburger et al, 2013;Polin et al, 2014 and references therein). Costs may manifest, or be manifested more dramatically, when the host is under physiological stress.…”

Section: Physiological Cost Of Symbionts At Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature

et al. 2016

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Heritable microbes represent an important component of the biology, ecology and evolution of many plants, animals and fungi, acting as both parasites and partners. In this review, we examine how heritable symbiont-host interactions may alter host thermal tolerance, and how the dynamics of these interactions may more generally be altered by thermal environment. Obligate symbionts, those required by their host, are considered to represent a thermally sensitive weak point for their host, associated with accumulation of deleterious mutations. As such, these symbionts may represent an important determinant of host thermal envelope and spatial distribution. We then examine the varied relationship between thermal environment and the frequency of facultative symbionts that provide ecologically contingent benefits or act as parasites. We note that some facultative symbionts directly alter host thermotolerance. We outline how thermal environment will alter the benefits/costs of infection more widely, and additionally modulate vertical transmission efficiency. Multiple patterns are observed, with symbionts being cold sensitive in some species and heat sensitive in others, with varying and non-coincident thresholds at which phenotype and transmission are ablated. Nevertheless, it is clear that studies aiming to predict ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbiont-host interactions need to examine the interaction across a range of thermal environments. Finally, we discuss the importance of thermal sensitivity in predicting the success/failure of symbionts to spread into novel species following natural/engineered introduction.

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“…By having context-dependent fitness effects on its host, E. faecalis reflects symbionts found in nature. In particular, many defensive microbes have been found to impose costs on their hosts in the absence of the enemy262728293031. Moreover, we know that E. faecalis significantly reduces the virulence of S. aureus by producing superoxide anions that decrease pathogen fitness19.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe-mediated host defence drives the evolution of reduced pathogen virulence

et al. 2016

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Microbes that protect their hosts from pathogens are widespread in nature and are attractive disease control agents. Given that pathogen adaptation to barriers against infection can drive changes in pathogen virulence, ‘defensive microbes' may shape disease severity. Here we show that co-evolving a microbe with host-protective properties (Enterococcus faecalis) and a pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) within Caenorhabditis elegans hosts drives the evolution of reduced pathogen virulence as a by-product of adaptation to the defensive microbe. Using both genomic and phenotypic analyses, we discover that the production of fewer iron-scavenging siderophores by the pathogen reduces the fitness of the defensive microbe and underpins the decline in pathogen virulence. These data show that defensive microbes can shape the evolution of pathogen virulence and that the mechanism of pathogen resistance can determine the direction of virulence evolution.

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An ecological cost associated with protective symbionts of aphids

Cited by 86 publications

References 17 publications

Nine facultative endosymbionts in aphids. A review

Nine facultative endosymbionts in aphids. A review

Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature

Microbe-mediated host defence drives the evolution of reduced pathogen virulence

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