An Atlas for Staging Mammalian and Chick Embryos

Butler, H.; Juurlink, Bernhard H.J.

doi:10.1201/9781351069939

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…For the investigation of normal embryonic development, it is useful to arrange a series of embryos of a given species in their correct developmental order to identify the stage of development of an individual species or to compare embryos of various species (Butler & Juurlink, ). Beyond that, this study used the description of developmental stages to particularly compare twins and triplets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, gestational age (days) can be determined in many other species (established especially in human embryos), by measuring the crown‐rump length (CRL) or counting the somite pairs of the embryo if the time of ovulation or fertilization is almost known (Cole & Cupps, ; McLaren, ). Indeed, staging embryos on the basis of a known time of ovulation or an estimated time of fertilization should only be an orientation and not an absolute indication (Butler & Juurlink, ). For example, investigation of mouse embryos on a particular day of gestation revealed various developmental stages (Juurlink & Fedoroff, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Carnegie stages were used as a standard to assign other mammalian embryos (e.g. rhesus monkeys, guinea pigs, sheep or pigs) to a defined stage of development (Butler & Juurlink, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Description of post‐implantation embryonic stages in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) after embryonic diapause

Beyes

Nause

Bleyer

et al. 2017

Anat Histol Embryol

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The embryonic stage of development is defined as the period between fertilization and the establishment of most of the organ systems by the end of this period. Development in this stage is rapid. In many mammalian species, particularly in humans, the interval between fertilization and implantation is exactly determined and continuous without intermission. However, European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) embryos undergo a reversible retardation of development. This interesting reproduction strategy is called embryonic diapause (delayed implantation). After this period of embryonic arrest, development continues without further interruption. The aim of this study was to investigate embryonic development after diapause in European roe deer. Because of the embryonic diapause and the unknown date of fertilization, it was impossible to assign the embryos to a certain gestational age (days). This study describes normal stages of embryonic development mainly based on the external morphological traits of 56 well-preserved post-implantation roe deer embryos and attempts to assign the embryos to certain development stages. Carnegie stages of human embryos were used as an orientation for staging roe deer embryos. We observed a considerable range of variation of embryonic stages investigated until the end of January. We found post-implantation stages of embryonic development already at the end of December and foetuses at the end of January. Moreover, assigning the embryos to a particular stage of development allows the comparison between pairs of twins and triplets. We showed that twins and triplets were always at the same development level, despite the discrepancy in inter-twin and inter-triplet size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Description of post‐implantation embryonic stages in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) after embryonic diapause

Beyes

Nause

Bleyer

et al. 2017

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Because we were aware that most mammalian species differ from human in having a lobated liver (Nettelblad, ) and because the corresponding fissures may function as topographic landmarks with respect to the position and fate of the vitelline and umbilical veins, we also studied pig embryos from the collection of the Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Belgium, and mouse embryos from the AMC collection. The atlases of Evans & Sack (), Butler & Juurlink (), Theiler () and O'Rahilly & Muller () were used to select similar stages and to express developmental age in Carnegie Stage for all species ( cf . table 1 in Hikspoors et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of the vitelline and umbilical veins during the development of the human liver

et al. 2017

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Differentiation of endodermal cells into hepatoblasts is well studied, but the remodeling of the vitelline and umbilical veins during liver development is less well understood. We compared human embryos between 3 and 10 weeks of development with pig and mouse embryos at comparable stages, and used Amira 3D reconstruction and Cinema 4D remodeling software for visualization. The vitelline and umbilical veins enter the systemic venous sinus on each side via a common entrance, the hepatocardiac channel. During expansion into the transverse septum at Carnegie Stage (CS)12 the liver bud develops as two dorsolateral lobes or 'wings' and a single ventromedial lobe, with the liver hilum at the intersection of these lobes. The dorsolateral lobes each engulf a vitelline vein during CS13 and the ventromedial lobe both umbilical veins during CS14, but both venous systems remain temporarily identifiable inside the liver. The dominance of the left-sided umbilical vein and the rightward repositioning of the sinuatrial junction cause de novo development of left-to-right shunts between the left umbilical vein in the liver hilum and the right hepatocardiac channel (venous duct) and the right vitelline vein (portal sinus), respectively. Once these shunts have formed, portal branches develop from the intrahepatic portions of the portal vein on the right side and the umbilical vein on the left side. The gall bladder is a reliable marker for this hepatic vascular midline. We found no evidence for large-scale fragmentation of embryonic veins as claimed by the 'vestigial' theory. Instead and in agreement with the 'lineage' theory, the vitelline and umbilical veins remained temporally identifiable inside the liver after being engulfed by hepatoblasts. In agreement with the 'hemodynamic' theory, the left-right shunts develop de novo.

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“…They are useful models since they are inexpensive, can be easily inoculated with the virus, are not immune‐compromised, and enable the monitoring of the teratogenicity that accompanies ZIKV infections . Thawani and colleagues challenged chick embryos with ZIKV just after the closure of the neural tube, the embryo development stage being similar to the Carnegie stage 11 of human embryos . It was found that the ZIKV infection was fatal to chick embryos, caused reduced development of regions in the midbrain and telencephalon mimicking the condition of microcephaly.…”

Section: Research Models Of Zikv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: Molecular responses and tissue tropism in the mammalian host

Shaily

Upadhya

2019

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have raised alarm because of reports of congenital Zika virus syndrome in infants. The virus is also known to cause the debilitating Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. As a result, extensive research has been carried out on the virus over the past few years. To study the molecular responses of viral infectivity in mammals, in vitro two-dimensional and three-dimensional cellular models have been employed. The in vivo models of mouse, pig, chicken, and nonhuman primates are primarily used to investigate the teratogenicity of the virus, to study effects of the virus on specific tissues, and to study the systemic effects of a proposed antiviral agent. The virus exhibits wide tissue tropism in the mammalian host.

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An Atlas for Staging Mammalian and Chick Embryos

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Description of post‐implantation embryonic stages in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) after embryonic diapause

Description of post‐implantation embryonic stages in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) after embryonic diapause

The fate of the vitelline and umbilical veins during the development of the human liver

Zika virus: Molecular responses and tissue tropism in the mammalian host

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