An Assessment of Sexual Dimorphism in Relation to Facial Asymmetry in Esthetically Pleasing Faces

Abstract

Objective:The aim of the study is to detect gender-wise difference in the skeletal asymmetry in the esthetically pleasing faces.Materials and methods:a cross sectional study was conducted on 25 females and 25 males of age 18 -25 years using the posterior-anterior cephalograms. The selected part of grummon’s frontal analysis for analyzing the vertical skeletal asymmetries, mandibular morphology, transverse asymmetry and mandibular deviation was used. The obtained data was subjected to independent student’s‘t’ test for comparing the difference between males and females.Results:there was statistically significant difference between the males and females for the measurements like Gonion-Menton length for the mandibular morphology and for the transverse parameters like zygomatico frontal suture length, jular length and antegonial notch length. There was no significant difference for the sidedness of asymmetry for the males and females.Conclusion:frontal facial asymmetry showed sexual dimorphism with males showing greater asymmetric values than the females. The asymmetry showed right sided prominence for both the males and females. This knowledge can be utilized for planning facial reconstruction and remodeling surgeries.

Biomarkers of fetal conditions: Finger ridge‐counts, facial fluctuating asymmetry, and digit ratio (2D:4D)—are they correlated in women?

“…Secondly, all biomarkers differ in their values between sexes which indicates that they are sexually dimorphic. Women tend to have lower values of ridge‐counts (Jamison et al, 1993; Schaumann & Alter, 1976), lower values of facial FA levels (Rajpara & Shyagali, 2015) and higher values of 2D:4D digit ratio than men (Manning et al, 1998; Manning & Fink, 2018). Thirdly, all of the studied biomarkers are established during approximately the same period of development during gestation.…”

“…Secondly, all biomarkers differ in their values between sexes which indicates that they are sexually dimorphic. Women tend to have lower values of ridge-counts (Jamison et al, 1993;Schaumann & Alter, 1976), lower values of facial FA levels (Rajpara & Shyagali, 2015) and higher values of 2D:4D digit ratio than men (Manning et al, 1998;Manning & Fink, 2018 (Creuzet, Couly, Vincent, & Le Douarin, 2002;Hérault et al, 1997;Manning & Bundred, 2000). Thus, a disruption in Hox genes expression during gestation might result in both limbs and facial malformations which should be reflected in values of all the studied biomarkers.…”

Nazal Septum Devi̇asyonunun Fasi̇yal Asi̇metri̇ İle İli̇şki̇si̇

“…Frontal yüz asimetrisinin cinsiyete göre farklılık gösterdiği, erkeklerin bayanlardan daha fazla asimetrik ölçümü olduğu belirtilmiştir. Asimetrinin hem erkeklerde hem de kadınlarda sağ tarafta daha çok görüldüğü bulunmuştur (20).…”

Fasi̇yal Asi̇metri̇

“…18 Diş hekimliğinde ortodontik ve ortognatik cerrahi tedavilerin amacı sadece ideal okluzyonu sağlamak değil, aynı zamanda uyumlu bir yüz profili elde etmektir. 19 Bu görüşte önemli bir konu da fasiyal asimetridir. Yumuşak dokular genellikle altındaki sert dokuları yansıtır ancak bazen yumuşak doku altındaki sert doku bozukluklarını kompanze edebilir.…”