An assessment of carbon steel containers for radioactive waste disposal

Marsh, G. P.; Taylor, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(88)90111-4

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[6+^(1 -f)>^=Ti(^ which agrees with the common assumption made in the corrosion literature of a power law growth of the mean maximum pit depth with time [8,11,12]. The implied upper bound is then 6, = $t^=(ix -t{'/^)i^-Such means and bounds can be extrapolated out to larger areas of exposed metal and to longer time periods using the methods described in Ref.…”

Section: F(x) = Txp{-[l + Ax-fj^)m-"%supporting

confidence: 82%

Applications of extreme-value theory in corrosion engineering

Scarf¹,

Laycock²

1994

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the context of corrosion engineering it is often natural to be concerned with extreme events. This is because, firstly, it is these extreme events that often lead to failure and, secondly, it may only be possible to measure the extremes, with much of the underlying measurements by their very nature unobservable Statistical methods relating to extreme value theory can be used to model and predict the statistical behaviour of extremes such as the largest pit, thinnest wall, maximum penetration or similar assessment of a corrosion phenomenon. These techniques can be applied to the single largest value, or to a given number of the largest values, measured over individual areas or coupons; or to all values exceeding a given threshold. The data can be modeled to account for dependence on environmental conditions, surface area examined, and the duration of exposure or of experimentation. The application of a selection of these techniques is demonstrated on data from industry and from laboratory experiments.

show abstract

Section: F(x) = Txp{-[l + Ax-fj^)m-"%supporting

confidence: 82%

Applications of extreme-value theory in corrosion engineering

Scarf¹,

Laycock²

1994

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A few European countries have opted for a repository design that consists of waste sealed in carbon steel containers that are placed in a lowpermeability Clay rock formation (ANDRA, 2005;Nagra, 2002). Steel is expected to corrode under reducing conditions at a rate of a few micrometers a year, producing iron oxide minerals (e.g., magnetite) and gaseous hydrogen (H 2 ) (King, 2008;Marsh and Taylor, 1988). Another source of H 2 , but likely in lesser amounts, is the alpha-radiolysis of water after canister breaching (Le Ca€ er, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of microbial hydrogen oxidation and sulfate reduction in Opalinus Clay rock

Bagnoud

Leupin

Schwyn

et al. 2016

Applied Geochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tHydrogen gas (H 2 ) may be produced by the anoxic corrosion of steel components in underground structures, such as geological repositories for radioactive waste. In such environments, hydrogen was shown to serve as an electron donor for autotrophic bacteria. High gas overpressures are to be avoided in radioactive waste repositories and, thus, microbial consumption of H 2 is generally viewed as beneficial. However, to fully consider this biological process in models of repository evolution over time, it is crucial to determine the in situ rates of microbial hydrogen oxidation and sulfate reduction. These rates were estimated through two distinct in situ experiments, using several measurement and calculation methods.Volumetric consumption rates were calculated to be between 1.13 and 1.93 mmol cm À3 day À1 for H 2 , and 0.14 and 0.20 mmol cm À3 day À1 for sulfate. Based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, there is an excess of H 2 consumed, suggesting that it serves as an electron donor to reduce electron acceptors other than sulfate, and/or that some H 2 is lost via diffusion. These rate estimates are critical to evaluate whether biological H 2 consumption can negate H 2 production in repositories, and to determine whether sulfate reduction can consume sulfate faster than it is replenished by diffusion, which could lead to methanogenic conditions.

show abstract

“…The corrosion rate is also affected by environmental factors such as pH, contact material, temperature, surface chemistry and the transport of corrosion products. Various experimental studies have been carried out under various environmental conditions (Kursten et al, 1996;Marsh and Taylor, 1988;Marsh et al, 1983;Papillon et al, 2003;Simpson and Valloton, 1986;Simpson et al, 1985;Smart et al, 2006;Taniguchi et al, 2004), with corroborating natural analogue studies (Miller et al, 2000). Gas generation data collated from the literature are shown in Figure 1, which reveals that there is over an order of magnitude difference among the reported values.…”

Section: Gas Generation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Simulation of repository gas migration in a bentonite buffer

Thomas¹,

Masum²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inventory of high-level radioactive waste in the UK is likely to be disposed of in a geological disposal facility, which will generate gases due to processes such as anoxic metal corrosion and water radiolysis. Such gases have the potential to migrate through the repository system and may be detrimental to the engineered barrier system by damaging the physical fabric of the buffer material through the build-up of pressure. An investigation into the migration of gases and the ranges of gas pressures expected in such a repository is presented. A model of gas transport is presented to simulate the transport of gases in conjunction with coupled thermo-hydro-chemical-mechanical processes. This model includes a boundary condition linking the corrosion behaviour to gas generation and water supply. A realistic range of gas generation rates has been established from available data alongside realistic ranges of material properties of a bentonite buffer. Numerical simulations were then undertaken for a range of realistic scenarios considering the corrosion processes and buffer properties.It was found that in all realistic cases, including realistic maxima and minima considered, the risk of pneumatic fracture was negligible.

show abstract

An assessment of carbon steel containers for radioactive waste disposal

Cited by 77 publications

References 17 publications

Applications of extreme-value theory in corrosion engineering

Applications of extreme-value theory in corrosion engineering

Rates of microbial hydrogen oxidation and sulfate reduction in Opalinus Clay rock

Simulation of repository gas migration in a bentonite buffer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About