An analytical study to determine prohibited anabolic residues in red meat tissue using LC-MS/MS system

Nazlı, Bulent; Olgun, Elmas Öktem; Çakır, Barış; Demirci, Mehmet

doi:10.1590/fst.65420

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition to endocrine changes, steroids have been shown to have carcinogenic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, and the changes are often irreversible. The risks always depend on the age, sex, and individual tolerance of the animals to these substances [ 96 , 97 ]. As the use of steroid substances in fattening animals poses a potential risk to consumers, their presence needs to be monitored and new detection methods developed to prevent the prevalence of public health risks.…”

Section: Effect Of Anabolic Steroids On Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Steroids in Fattening Food-Producing Animals—A Review

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2022

Animals

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Anabolic steroids are chemically synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. They are used in medicine for their ability to support muscle growth and healing and by athletes for esthetic purposes and to increase sports performance, but another major use is in fattening animals to increase meat production. The more people there are on Earth, the greater the need for meat production and anabolic steroids accelerate the growth of animals and, most importantly, increase the amount of muscle mass. Anabolic steroids also have proven side effects that affect all organs and tissues, such as liver and kidney parenchymal damage, heart muscle degeneration, organ growth, coagulation disorders, and increased risk of muscle and tendon rupture. Anabolic steroids also have a number of harmful effects on the developing brain, such as brain atrophy and changes in gene expression with consequent changes in the neural circuits involved in cognitive functions. Behavioral changes such as aggression, irritability, anxiety and depression are related to changes in the brain. In terms of long-term toxicity, the greatest impact is on the reproductive system, i.e., testicular shrinkage and infertility. Therefore, their abuse can be considered a public health problem. In many countries around the world, such as the United States, Canada, China, Argentina, Australia, and other large meat producers, the use of steroids is permitted but in all countries of the European Union there is a strict ban on the use of anabolic steroids in fattening animals. Meat from a lot of countries must be carefully inspected and monitored for steroids before export to Europe. Gas or liquid chromatography methods in combination with mass spectrometry detectors and immunochemical methods are most often used for the analysis of these substances. These methods have been considered the most modern for decades, but can be completely ineffective if they face new synthetic steroid derivatives and want to meet meat safety requirements. The problem of last years is the application of “cocktails” of anabolic substances with very low concentrations, which are difficult to detect and are difficult to quantify using conventional detection methods. This is the reason why scientists are trying to find new methods of detection, mainly based on changes in the structure of tissues and cells and their metabolism. This review gathered this knowledge into a coherent form and its findings could help in finding such a combination of changes in tissues that would form a typical picture for evidence of anabolic misuse.

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Section: Effect Of Anabolic Steroids On Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%