An analysis of three parameters of covert positive reinforcement

Abstract

Investigated the active components of covert positive reinforcement (CPR) with a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design (N = 64) that consisted of an S-R modality (covert vs. overt) a reinforcement procedure (covert vs. overt), and a demand for expectancy of succesa (high vs. low). Posttreatment and follow-u results of the Behavioral Avoidance Test indicated that generally Ss in t ! e overt S-R modality groups approached closer to the rat than did those in the covert groups (N = 64). More i m ortantly, the S R modality >r: demand interactions reflected that those & in the two covert S-R modality groups under low demand evidenced less approach than those 8 s in the other six groups ( <.01). Self-ratin measures of anxiety on the Self-Rating Rat Anxiety &ale and the Fear fntensity Scale reflected overall decrements of fear from pretreatment to osttreatment and follow-up. Follow-up analyses indicated that plans shoulfl be made for the eneralization of treatment effects by varying the treatment setting and perfaps by employing multiple therapists.

Zur Rolle der Therapeutenrotation und von Patientenmerkmalen für die Wirksamkeitsprozesse der Ambulanten Langzeit-Intensivtherapie für Alkoholkranke (ALITA)

“…The rare application of multiple therapy probably has its reason in a higher demand on staff and expenses as well as in the missing willingness and competence of therapists to work as a team. For two areas of application however, no replacement for the successful treatment by multiple therapists has been found up to the present day: (1) the continuous outpatient psychotherapeutic care of persons with chronic mental disorders (for example, Brandwin et al, 1976); ( 2) operant methods that aim at a generalization and stabilization of the acquired behavior (for example, Engum et al, 1980;Matson et al, 1993;Redd, 1980;Runco et al, 1986).…”