An analysis of a short-lived outbreak of dengue fever in Mauritius

Ramchurn, S.K.; Moheeput, Khemanand; Goorah, Smita

doi:10.2807/ese.14.34.19314-en

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…albopictus , whereas Ae. aegypti served as the secondary vector . These mosquito vectors live in close association with human populations and prefer to breed in domestic water containers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive dengue outbreaks in East Africa: A proposed phased mitigation approach may reduce its impact

Baba

Villinger

Masiga

2016

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Dengue outbreaks have persistently occurred in eastern African countries for several decades. We assessed each outbreak to identify risk factors and propose a framework for prevention and impact mitigation. Seven out of ten countries in eastern Africa and three islands in the Indian Ocean have experienced dengue outbreaks between 1823 and 2014. Major risk factors associated with past dengue outbreaks include climate, virus and vector genetics and human practices. Appropriate use of dengue diagnostic tools and their interpretation are necessary for both outbreak investigations and sero-epidemiological studies. Serosurvey findings during inter-epidemic periods have not been adequately utilised to prevent re-occurrence of dengue outbreaks. Local weather variables may be used to predict dengue outbreaks, while entomological surveillance can complement other disease-mitigation efforts during outbreaks and identify risk-prone areas during inter-epidemic periods. The limitations of past dengue outbreak responses and the enormous socio-economic impacts of the disease on human health are highlighted. Its repeated occurrence in East Africa refutes previous observations that susceptibility may depend on race. Alternate hypotheses on heterotypic protection among flaviviruses may not be applied to all ecologies. Prevention and mitigation of severe dengue outbreaks should necessarily consider the diverse factors associated with their occurrence. Implementation of phased dengue mitigation activities can enforce timely and judicious use of scarce resources, promote environmental sanitation, and drive behavioural change, hygienic practices and community-based vector control. Understanding dengue epidemiology and clinical symptoms, as determined by its evolution, are significant to preventing future dengue epidemics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive dengue outbreaks in East Africa: A proposed phased mitigation approach may reduce its impact

Baba

Villinger

Masiga

2016

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Containers such as tires and those containing water-dwelling plants are then exported to new geographic Rezza et al 2007), and in France in 2010 (Gould et al 2010;Grandadam et al 2011). Aedes albopictus has also been implicated as a vector of dengue virus (DENV), causing outbreaks on La Reunion Island in 1977-1978(Coulanges et al 1979), Hawaii in 2001(Effer et al 2005, on La Reunion Island again in 2004 (Pierre et al 2005), Mauritius in June 2009 (Ramchurn et al 2009), and France and Croatia during 2010(La Ruche et al 2010Gjenero-Margan et al 2011). The cases reported in France and Croatia were the first autochthonous dengue cases to be reported in Europe since the outbreak in Greece in 1927-1928(La Ruche et al 2010.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options

Medlock¹,

Hansford²,

Schaffner

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

559

511

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There has been growing interest in Europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of Aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within Europe through ground transport. More recently, five other non-European aedine mosquito species have been found in Europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. Concerns have been raised about the involvement of these mosquito species in transmission cycles of pathogens of public health importance, and these concerns were borne out following the outbreak of chikungunya fever in Italy in 2007, and subsequent autochthonous cases of dengue fever in France and Croatia in 2010. This article reviews current understanding of all exotic (five introduced invasive and one intercepted) aedine species in Europe, highlighting the known import pathways, biotic and abiotic constraints for establishment, control strategies, and public health significance, and encourages Europe-wide surveillance for invasive mosquitoes.

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“…Ae. albopictus has also been the principle vector responsible for dengue virus outbreaks in Hawaii in 2001-2002 and Mauritius in 2009 [56,57] and is a potential vector of Zika virus [58,59]. Furthermore, it can be a competent vector of WNV when experimentally tested in laboratory conditions [60] and in North America natural infections have been found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The abundance and diversity of West Nile virus mosquito vectors in two Regional Units of Greece during the onset of the 2018 transmission season

Bisia

Jeffries

Lytra

et al. 2019

Preprint

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17Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of great medical and veterinary 18 importance, threatening the health of humans and equines worldwide. Mosquitoes belonging 19 to the Culex (Cx.) pipiens complex are major vectors but numerous other mosquito species 20 have also been implicated as vectors of WNV. Due to variations in blood-feeding behaviour, 21 the different biotypes and hybrids of Cx. pipiens influence the transmission of WNV, from 22 enzootic cycles (between mosquitoes and birds), to spill-over transmission to humans and 23 equines. 24Methods: In this study, mosquitoes were collected and analysed from two regional units 25 (RUs) of Greece with reported cases of WNV within the past 4 years; Palaio Flairo and 26 Argolida (in Attica and Peloponnese regions, respectively). Collections using different types 27 2 of mosquito surveillance traps were undertaken in May-June 2018 during the early period of 28 the WNV transmission season.29 Results: A total of 1062 mosquitoes were collected, with Biogents Sentinel traps (BG traps) 30 collecting both a greater number of mosquitoes across all species and Cx. pipiens complex 31 individuals than Centres for Disease Control miniature light traps (CDC traps) or Heavy Duty 32 Encephalitis Vector Survey traps (EVS traps). Identification of collected mosquitoes (using 33 both morphological keys and molecular barcoding) confirmed the presence of additional 34 species including Aedes (Ae.) albopictus, Ae. caspius and Culiseta (Cs.) longiareolata. The 35 prevalence of Cx. pipiens biotypes in the RU of Palaio Faliro was 54.5% pipiens type, 20.0% 36 molestus type and 25.5% hybrids. In the RU of Argolida, the collection comprised 68.1% 37 pipiens type, 8.3% molestus type and 23.6% hybrids. Screening individual unfed female38 mosquitoes for WNV (molecular xenomonitoring) resulted in detection in three females of the 39 pipiens type and in one hybrid; all collected from the RU of Argolida.40 Conclusions: As hybrids play an important role in spill-over transmission of WNV to 41 humans and equines, these findings highlight the importance of undertaking entomological 42 surveillance programs incorporating molecular xenomonitoring at the onset of the 43 transmission season to provide an early warning system for health authorities aiming to 44 prevent WNV outbreaks in Greece. 45 46 Keywords 47 52 genus [1-4]. Natural transmission of WNV mainly occurs in enzootic cycles between birds 53 and competent ornithophilic mosquito vectors, with avian species being the principal 54 3 maintenance and amplifying hosts of WNV as many species develop sufficient viremia for 55 onward transmission. This allows transmission to continue where competent mosquitoes are 56 present in a specific area under suitable environmental conditions [5]. Additionally, spill-over 57 transmission can occur when competent vectors feed on humans or horses. During natural 58 transmission these mammalian species are considered dead-end hosts since they cannot 59 sustain sufficient viraemia for further vec...

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An analysis of a short-lived outbreak of dengue fever in Mauritius

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Repetitive dengue outbreaks in East Africa: A proposed phased mitigation approach may reduce its impact

Repetitive dengue outbreaks in East Africa: A proposed phased mitigation approach may reduce its impact

A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options

The abundance and diversity of West Nile virus mosquito vectors in two Regional Units of Greece during the onset of the 2018 transmission season

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