Amperometric Immunosensor for the Detection of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Water

Development of a Displacement Immunoassay by Exploiting Cross-Reactivity of a Monoclonal Antibody

“…affinity of the anti-2,4-D antibody toward this conjuIn contrast to many immunoassays, e.g., described gate offer the possibility of determining 2,4-D sensiin (3,5,7), the range of 2,4-D detection attained with tively in a displacement assay. The ELISA can be com-MCPA-BSA conjugates in this study is very large and pleted in 1 1 2 -2 h (1 h for the displacement reaction, 1 2 comprises four orders of magnitude, i.e., from 0.1 to -1 h for secondary antibody incubation, and 10 min 1000 mg/liter 2,4-D.…”

“…Moreover, detection limits of 0.1 mg/liter step and the addition of the substrate solution. 2,4-D can be achieved by amperometric immunosensors (7,10,11,13). An immunoassay with a detection limit significantly below 0.1 mg/liter was described on the REFERENCES basis of polyclonal antibodies against 2,4-D (6).…”

Biosensors for environmental monitoring of endocrine disruptors: a review article

“…Regarding the use of antibodies as recognition units, Wilmer et al [98] also developed an amperometric immunosensor based on alkaline phosphatase (AP) inhibition for detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in water. Mallat et al [99,100,101] have applied the "River Analyzer" (RIANA) immunosensor to the determination of pesticides such as atrazine, simazine, isoproturon, 2,4-D, alachlor and paraquat in natural waters.…”

Breve revisão de métodos de determinação de resíduos do herbicida ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D)

“…Diferentes enzimas podem, também, ser imobilizadas em um sensor adequado (em geral, têm-se usado os biossensores amperométricos), sendo que cada enzima é seletiva para um único composto ou uma classe de pesticidas 58 . A enzima fosfatase alcalina foi também utilizada para o preparo de conjugados, tanto para aplicação direta em imunoensaios do tipo ELISA ("enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay") 59 , quanto na obtenção de sensores eletroquímicos 60,61 . Alguns trabalhos envolvendo ELISA tiveram como objetivo verificar o efeito de matriz, quando o método foi empregado na análise de amostras vegetais 59,62 .…”