Amperometric immunoassay for the carcinoembryonic antigen by using a peroxidase mimic consisting of palladium nanospheres functionalized with glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide

Rational Integration of Nanozyme Probe and Smartphone Device for On‐Site Analysis

“…[66][67][68] Given that natural enzymes may increase the impedance and own an unstable activity, the use of natural enzymes in electrochemical detection may lead to a depressing measurement of electrical signals. In order to improve this situation, lots of metal-based [69,70] and carbon-based [71][72][73][74][75] nanozymes with good electrical conductivity are proposed to construct electrochemical sensors. As compared to the colorimetric and chemiluminescence methods, a professional portable electrochemical detector is usually needed to recognize the electric signal and then transmits the signal to the smartphone.…”

Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities

“…Moreover, surface chemical modifications can provide a “grip” for anchoring biomolecules and contribute to the binding stability between protein molecules and sensitive films. (iii) Certain catalytic nanomaterials, such as noble metal nanoparticles and nanoenzymes 32 , 33 , are useful for molecular recognition and signal amplification.…”

“… Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of a glutathione-protected Au NPs 33 and b PbS QDs 12 . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of c MWCNT-ZnO nanofibers 40 , d aminated graphene oxide 33 , and e MOF-808 and f MOF-808/CNT composites 49 …”

“…Typical 2D materials include graphene (Fig. 2d ) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) 33 , 43 . Graphene is a 2D material with sp² hybridized carbon atoms closely arranged to form a honeycomb lattice structure.…”

A simplified lateral flow immunosensor for the assay of carcinoembryonic antigen in low-resource settings

“…12 In addition, a variety of immunoassays have been developed for detecting CEA in serum, such as radioimmunoassays (RIAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), uorescence immunoassays, chemiluminescence immunoassays, electrochemical immunoassays and surface-enhanced Raman scattering immunoassays. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, these assays normally require multiple reagents and several washing steps that increase the complexity of the analytical procedure and the time of the analysis while many of them demand trained personnel, laboratory facilities and complex instrumentation.…”