<i>Streptomyces zerumbet</i>, a Novel Species from <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i> (L.) Smith and Isolation of Its Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

Streptomyces zerumbet W14, a novel species of the endophyte genus Streptomyces was isolated from the rhizome tissue of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. Identification of strain W14 was based on its morphology, chemotaxonomy and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequence. It was classified as the secondary meabolites of the culture extract were studied. The major active ingredients from the crude extract were purified by silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic data. The crude extract and purified compounds were tested for their biological activities on antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The crude extract showed inhibition on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria with the MIC and MBC values of 8-32 µg/ml and 32-128 µg/ml, respectively. The isolated compounds were identified to be methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate (1) and geldanamycin (2). Bioassay studies showed that compound 1 had antibacterial activity against Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923 and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus strain Sp6 (clinical isolate) with the MIC and MBC values of 1 µg/ml and 16-64 µg/ml, respectively, and also showed activity against Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (vaccine strain) with MIC and MBC values of 128.00 µg/ml and 128.00 µg/ml, respectively. The compound 2 at the concentration of 1-5 µg/ml had in vitro anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by inhibition of mRNA expression and production of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These results suggest that compounds 1 and 2 produced by S. zerumbet W14 (an endophyte of Z. Zerumbet) have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. Therefore, the future studies on these compounds could be useful for the management of bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases.

Evaluating the Effect of Amine-geldanamycin Hybrids on Antiviral Activity against Influenza Virus

“…Streptomyces zerumbet W14 was obtained as an endophyte from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith using the surface-sterilisation technique [22]. The bacterium was grown on ISP-2 agar at 30 o C for 14 days.…”

“…The bacterium was grown on ISP-2 agar at 30 o C for 14 days. The initial steps of antibiotic isolation and purification were as previously described [22]. The purified compound was subjected to investigation by NMR spectroscopy.…”

“…It has been shown to block replication of DNA and RNA viruses in cell cultures and in animals [20,21]. Recently, GDM was isolated from Streptomyces zerumbet W14, and has been recognized for its potent activity against cancer cell lines [22,23]. Our previous study, GDM and its derivatives could inhibit influenza virus propagation in embryonated chicken egg [24].…”

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Geldanamycin and Its Derivatives in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

“…Streptomyces zerumbet W14 was isolated from the rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith by surface-sterilization technique and identified by morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics and also 16S rDNA gene sequencing as described by Taechowisan et al [10]. This strain was grown on ISP-2 agar at 30˚C for 14 days and then the culture medium was cut into small pieces that were extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 500 ml).…”

“…In our previous study, geldanamycin had been isolated as a major compound from Streptomyces zerumbet W14; an endophyte of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. It had in vitro anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by inhibition of mRNA expression and production of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [10].…”