Ammonium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate for Prevention of Parturient Paresis in Dairy Cows

Abstract

Forty-eight Holstein cows with two or more previous lactations and no history of parturient paresis were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with ammonium salts and Ca intake on serum Ca concentrations at calving. Four diets provided either 53 g total dietary Ca/d or 105 g Ca/d and were either supplemented with ammonium salts [100 g/d each of NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4] or unsupplemented. Anion-cation balance of the diets, calculated as milliequivalents (Na + K)--(Cl + S), was -75 meq/kg DM with ammonium salts and +189 meq/kg DM without ammonium salts. Experimental diets were fed from 21 d prior to expected parturition until calving. Calcium intake during the feeding period did not affect the incidence of parturient paresis or serum concentrations of ionized Ca at calving. The incidence of parturient paresis was 4% with and 17% without the ammonium salts. Cows fed diets containing ammonium salts had higher serum ionized and total Ca concentrations at parturition. Serum concentrations of Mg, P, Na, K, and Cl on the day of parturition were unaffected by dietary treatment.

Efeito do estradiol, dietas e duração do período seco sobre o consumo de matéria seca de vacas holandesas

“…Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas no consumo entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) (tabela de variância não apresentada), o que demonstra que as dietas aniônicas não produziram problemas de palatabilidade, principal restrição ao uso dessas dietas para vacas leiteiras (OETZEL et al, 1988;GRANT e ALBRIGHT, 1995). É conveniente ressaltar que, de acordo com os valores observados na Tabela 3, também não foram observadas reduções significativas no consumo dos animais nos quais se injetou estradiol (tratamentos 3 e 4), (P>0,05).…”

“…As dietas aniônicas têm se mostrado alternativa viável na mobilização de Ca do tecido ósseo, manutenção de sua homeostase, evitando o aparecimento de hipocalcemia subclínica e redução do consumo (BLOCK, 1984;GAYNOR et al, 1989;GOFF et al, 1997), embora a baixa palatabilidade tenha sido apontada como o principal entrave à sua aceitabilidade (OETZEL et al, 1988).…”

Nutrition and Health of Dairy Animals

“…A reduction in the plasma Ca concentration at parturition is usually accompanied by hypophosphataemia and hypermagnesaemia (Phillippo et al, 1994). However, this is not always the case, especially if hypocalcaemia is not severe and is not clinically manifested (Crnkic et al, 2010;Joyce et al, 1997;Oetzel et al, 1988). …”

“…Because of unpleasant taste, anionic salts can have depressing effect on feed intake (Joyce et al, 1997;Vagnoni & Oetzel, 1998), but this is minimal if salts are properly used (Block, 1984;Moore et al, 2000;Oetzel et al, 1988). Up to 300 mEq of anions/kg DM (3-3,5 Eq of salts per day per cow) can be added to the diet without depressing effect on feed intake (Horst et al, 1994;Oetzel, 2000).…”

The effect of MgSO4 addition and the increasing doses of calcium and phosphorus during ending drying period on the occurrence of hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia in dairy cows

“…Numerous authors , Oetzel et al 1988, Kinal et al 2005 pointed out the strong anion (Cl -i SO 4-) action in prevention of hypocalcaemia. The anions slightly acidify the cow's organism (decreasing blood pH by about 0.02-0.04 units) and eliminate physiological metabolic alkalosis which decreases Ca resorption from bones, synthesis of vitamin D 3 (1, 25 OH 2 D 3 ) as well as the absorption of Ca from the digestive tract.…”