Amine Detection Using Organic Field Effect Transistor Gas Sensors

Abstract

Low power gas sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity are desired for many practical applications. Devices based on organic field effect transistors are promising because they can be fabricated at modest cost and are low power devices. Organic field effect transistors fabricated in bottom-gate bottom-contact configuration using the organic semiconductor [2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno] [3,2-b]thiophene) (DPP-T-TT) were systematically investigated to determine the response characteristics to a series of alkylamines and ammonia. The highest sensitivity was to dibutylamine with a limit of detection of 0.025 ppb, followed by n-butylamine, 0.056 ppb, and ammonia, 2.17 ppb. A model was constructed based on the Antoine equation that successfully allows the empirical prediction of the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensor to various analytes including amines and alcohols based on the Antoine C parameter and the heat of the vaporization of the analyte.

Biogenic amine sensors using organic π-conjugated materials as active sensing components and their commercialization potential

“…166 While OFETs are of interest for applications as food sensors, these devices can suffer from high driving voltages, therefore, the devices considered for BA sensors should require low voltages such that a common battery can power them. 149,166,167…”

“…For transistors, the potential for commercialization depends on the device design, where organic field effect transistors (OFETs), for example, have many components to consider and would be more challenging to mass manufacture, but have proven to be highly sensitive and have low LODs. 139,149,150 The electrochemical sensors covered here are summarized in Table 3.…”

“…166 While OFETs are of interest for applications as food sensors, these devices can suffer from high driving voltages, therefore, the devices considered for BA sensors should require low voltages such that a common battery can power them. 149,166,167 Persaud et al developed an OFET for the detection of amines using a diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene thienothiophene polymer (DPPT-TT) as a hole transporting active layer (Fig. 13) that required a low operating voltage of À3 V. 149,168,169 Upon exposure to amines, DPPT-TT forms ionic species, leading to a decrease in current across the OFET, which functions as the sensing response.…”

“…149,166,167 Persaud et al developed an OFET for the detection of amines using a diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene thienothiophene polymer (DPPT-TT) as a hole transporting active layer (Fig. 13) that required a low operating voltage of À3 V. 149,168,169 Upon exposure to amines, DPPT-TT forms ionic species, leading to a decrease in current across the OFET, which functions as the sensing response. The devices were fabricated by first thermally evaporating an aluminum gate electrode on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate to yield a 50 nm film, followed by spin coating a high-k dielectric poly(vinylidenefluoridetrifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) on top of the gate followed by a low-k dielectric poly(methyl methacrylate) layer, and then gold source and drain electrodes were thermally evaporated directly on the dielectric.…”

Metal–organic frameworks for advanced transducer based gas sensors: review and perspectives

“…However, limited research has been reported on MOF-based OFET gas sensors. 167,171,[174][175][176] Recently, Yuvraj et al 177 reported a novel and highly sensitive and selective OFET-based transducer for NO 2 gas sensing. They designed an OFET platform ] n an isostructural to uorinated MOF combined with an organic semiconductor of PDVT-10 (as shown in Fig.…”