Amide- and urea-functionalized pyrroles and benzopyrroles as synthetic, neutral anion receptors

Abstract

This critical review is dedicated to the anion complexation chemistry of amide- and urea-functionalized (benzo)pyrroles, such as pyrroles, indoles, carbazoles, isoindoles, naphthalenodipyrroles and benzodipyrroles. It provides a comprehensive overview of these simple and neutral anion sensors from the first examples up to very recent studies. There is a discussion of a gradual progress made over time, often based on careful analysis of the properties of former generations that have subsequently led to obtaining excellent effectivities and selectivities. The influence of these species on other fields of chemistry and their applications there are also discussed (57 references).

Sensitive water-soluble fluorescent chemosensor for chloride based on a bisquinolinium pyridine-dicarboxamide compound

“…The development of fluorescent chemosensors for inorganic anions remains an active area in supramolecular analytical chemistry and it has been largely restricted to non-aqueous media (Ai-Fang and Jin-He, 2010;Amendola et al, 2010;Cametti and Rissanen, 2013;Dalla et al, 2010;Dydio et al, 2011;Gale et al, 2008, Mercer andLoeb, 2010;Wenzel et al, 2012). Artificial biomimetic receptors containing amide and urea groups as anion recognition sites constitute one of the largest sub-groups in this field (Asthana et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2015;Ge et al, 2014;Kubik et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2015;Pinter et al, 2013;Warwick et al, 2013;White and Beer, 2013;White et al, 2014, Warwick et al, 2013.…”

Aminobenzohydrazide based colorimetric and ‘turn-on’ fluorescence chemosensor for selective recognition of fluoride

“…These adverse and beneficial effects of fluoride prompted many scientists to develop chemosensors for fluoride recognition [15]. Fluoride ion receptors based on triarylboranes [21,22], desilyation [23,24], Pyrroles [25,26], amides [27][28][29][30], ureas [31,32], thioureas [33][34][35], or sulphonamides [36,37] are available in literature. Receptors based on NH and OH deprotonation or hydrogen bond formation by fluoride ion [38][39][40][41] failed to report the selectivity of F -ion over the other competitive anions.…”

An easy prepared dual-channel chemosensor for selective and instant detection of fluoride based on double Schiff-base

“…Therefore, considering the wide application of fluoride, there is a great demand for the development of methods that can rapidly, sensitively and selectively detect the fluoride anion [8][9][10][11]. Up to now, many efforts have been made to design simple and low cost chemosensors, several anion receptors such as imidazoles [12,13], pyrroles [14,15], calixpyrroles [16,17], amides [18][19][20], carbamides [21,22], urea [23,24], and thiourea [25] have been developed.…”