American Metropolitan Evolution

Borchert, John R.

doi:10.2307/212637

Cited by 133 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…In the extreme case, the Northeast has EUAs with the lowest levels of intensity and compactness, but the highest levels of mixing and core-dominance, on average. Yet, the Post-Print, Urban Geography 35(1), 2014 Northeast also has some of the oldest and most central cities in our sample, which developed under a development paradigm that differs markedly from the post-war paradigm in place when many southern and western central cities developed (Borchert, 1967;Leven, 1978). We explore this aspect further in our companion paper.…”

Section: Commonalities Among Metropolitan Land Use Indicesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Evolving United States metropolitan land use patterns

2013

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We investigate spatial patterns of residential and nonresidential land use for 257 U.S. metropolitan areas in 1990 and 2000, measured with 14 empirical indices. We find that metropolitan areas became denser during the 1990s but developed in more sprawl-like patterns across all other dimensions, on average. By far the largest changes in our land use metrics occurred in the realm of employment, which became more prevalent per unit of geographic area, but less spatially concentrated and further from the historical urban core, on average. Our exploratory factor analyses reveal that four factors summarize land use patterns in both years, and remained relatively stable across the two years: intensity, compactness, mixing, and core-dominance. Mean factor scores vary by metropolitan population, water proximity, type, and Census region. Improved measurement of metropolitan land use patterns can facilitate policy and planning decisions intended to minimize the most egregious aspects of urban sprawl.

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Section: Commonalities Among Metropolitan Land Use Indicesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Evolving United States metropolitan land use patterns

2013

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“…These periods were followed by recessions, brought about by overcapacity and competition. Several general stage models of manufacturing growth have been put forward to describe the process, 3 and recently attempts have been made to explain the uneven trajectory of industrialisation in terms of Kondratieff waves. 4 A three-stage model is usually postulated, beginning with a pre-industrial period, when urban industry is artisanal and small scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Changes: The spatial development of Industrial Montreal, 1861–1929

Slack¹,

Meana²,

Langford³

et al. 1994

Urban History Review

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In 1991, a research team centred at Concordia University undertook a contract for the city of Montreal. The task was to prepare an inventory of all industrial establishments that had been in existence in the city between the 1820s and 1950. One of the most important contributions of the project was to make its inventory of industrial firms available for spatial display. Computer generated maps of a large set of industrial categories are available to assist research into the industrialisation process in Canada's largest and most diverse manufacturing city of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper employs the data and the maps of one industrial group (food and beverage), and all industries to describe some of the important spatial processes occurring in Montreal's industrialisation.

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“…Others saw mid-century development as a result of technological supremacy, specifically the dissociation of man from nature by an increasingly mechanized lifestyle (Mumford 1961). The continued dominance of the automobile in urban space signaled the departure of cities from human scales and relationships, further reinforced by autocentric land uses for the sake of motorist conveniences (Mumford 1961, Borchert 1967). …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accessibility of an urban environment determines the amount of exchange or capacity of activity at a given location within a transportation system (Ewing 1996, Conzen 2001, Rodrigue 2016. The greater the accessibility of a transportation system, the greater the potential for exchange, supporting an increase to the intensity of land use and demand for further development (Borchert 1967, Mueller 1995. Table 2.1: Land use models (Borchert 1967, Conzen 2001, Cresswell 2013, Knox et al 2011, Rodrigue 2016 Model Description Central place (Von Thunen)…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This metric helps to describe the type, height, and size of those structures found within an area. Typologies Era (Borchert 1967, Mueller 1995, Hanson and Giuliano 2004 The year of a parcel is determined by age of the structure occupying the property parcel. A block group's year is determined by the average year of all those parcels found within it.…”

Section: S To 1920smentioning

confidence: 99%

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The "ADaM Cube" : Categorizing Portland, Oregon's Urbanization Using GIS and Spatial Statistics

Grotbo¹

2000

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Transportation availability and land use intensity demonstrate a strong relationship, with intense development concentrated near significant transportation investment. Transportation networks evolved in response to emergent transportation technologies and changing urban land uses. The irregular distribution of transportation systems reinforced patterns of land use development, shaping urban form.Understanding the relationships between transportation and the intensity of land uses allows urban geographers and city planners to explain the urbanization processes, as well as to identify areas historically susceptible to future development. The goal of this research is to develop a quantitative framework for the analysis of the development of urban form and its relationship to urban transportation systems.This research focuses on transportation accessibility, building density, and the structural massing as the basic metrics in the categorization of urban form. Portland, Oregon serves as the case study environment, while the research methodology examines the spatial and statistical relationship between these metrics for much of the city's urban area. Applying geographic information systems (GIS) and k-means cluster analysis, urban form metrics are compared within the ADaM (Accessibility, Density, and Massing) cube, a model demonstrating comparative relationships, as well as the geographic distribution and patterns of urban form in Portland, Oregon's neighborhoods.ii A finalized urban form catalog describes existing urban environments, but also indicates areas of impending transition, places having the strong potential for reorganization with respect to higher levels of transportation accessibility. The ADaM Cube is a tool for characterizing Portland's existing urban form, and describing the vulnerabilities of urban neighborhoods to the pressure of redevelopment.

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American Metropolitan Evolution

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

Evolving United States metropolitan land use patterns

Evolving United States metropolitan land use patterns

Mapping the Changes: The spatial development of Industrial Montreal, 1861–1929

The "ADaM Cube" : Categorizing Portland, Oregon's Urbanization Using GIS and Spatial Statistics

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