American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis

Jellinger, Paul S.; Smith, Donald A.; Mehta, Adi; Ganda, Om P; Handelsman, Yehuda; Rodbard, Helena W.; Shepherd, M.; Seibel, John A.

doi:10.4158/ep.18.s1.1

Cited by 438 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 526 publications

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“…To assess the response to lipid‐lowering therapy, LDL‐P targets have been proposed, based on population equivalent levels for LDL‐C targets (<20th percentile for high‐ and very high‐risk patients). It should be noted that while treatment targets for LDL‐C, non–HDL‐C, and apoB have been recommended in various national dyslipidemia guidelines, LDL‐P targets have not been endorsed 1, 7, 12, 15. Achievement of LDL‐P targets that are equivalent to LDL‐C and non–HDL‐C targets based on population percentiles have been shown to require intensive therapy 44.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This residual risk may be attributed in part to atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high levels of triglycerides, low levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL‐C), and high LDL‐particle (LDL‐P) numbers in these patients 1. In addition to LDL‐C lowering, non–HDL‐C and apolipoprotein B (apoB) have been recommended as treatment targets for assessment of individuals with diabetic dyslipidemia 1, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several international guidelines endorse statin uptitration, switching to a more‐potent statin therapy, and/or combination therapy for high‐risk individuals in need of additional cholesterol lowering 7, 12, 13, 14, 15. US guidelines recommend using the maximum tolerated statin dose with consideration given to the addition of a nonstatin cholesterol‐lowering drug if the clinical benefit outweighs the safety risk in these patients 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Switching From Statin Monotherapy to Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination Therapy Compared With Other Intensified Lipid‐Lowering Strategies on Lipoprotein Subclasses in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

Tomassini

Tershakovec

et al. 2015

JAHA

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BackgroundPatients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease may not achieve adequate low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering on statin monotherapy, attributed partly to atherogenic dyslipidemia. More intensive LDL‐C–lowering therapy can be considered for these patients. A previous randomized, controlled study demonstrated greater LDL‐C lowering in diabetic patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease who switched from simvastatin 20 mg (S20) or atorvastatin 10 mg (A10) to combination ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg (ES10/20) therapy, compared with statin dose‐doubling (to S40 or A20) or switching to rosuvastatin 10 mg (R10). The effect of these regimens on novel biomarkers of atherogenic dyslipidemia (low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein particle number and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 [Lp‐PLA2]) was assessed.Methods and ResultsTreatment effects on low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein particle number (by NMR) and Lp‐PLA2 (by ELISA) were evaluated using plasma samples available from 358 subjects in the study. Switching to ES10/20 reduced low‐density lipoprotein‐particle number numerically more than did statin dose‐doubling and was comparable with R10 (−133.3, −94.4, and −56.3 nmol/L, respectively; P>0.05). Increases in high‐density lipoprotein particle number were significantly greater with switches to ES10/20 versus statin dose‐doubling (1.5 and −0.5 μmol/L; P<0.05) and comparable with R10 (0.7 μmol/L; P>0.05). Percentages of patients attaining low‐density lipoprotein particle number levels <990 nmol/L were 62.4% for ES10/20, 54.1% for statin dose‐doubling, and 57.0% for R10. Switching to ES10/20 reduced Lp‐PLA2 activity significantly more than did statin dose‐doubling (−28.0 versus −3.8 nmol/min per mL, P<0.05) and was comparable with R10 (−28.0 versus −18.6 nmol/min per mL; P>0.05); effects on Lp‐PLA2 concentration were modest.ConclusionsIn diabetic patients with dyslipidemia, switching from statins to combination ES10/20 therapy generally improved lipoprotein subclass profile and Lp‐PLA2 activity more than did statin dose‐doubling and was comparable with R10, consistent with its lipid effects.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00862251.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Switching From Statin Monotherapy to Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination Therapy Compared With Other Intensified Lipid‐Lowering Strategies on Lipoprotein Subclasses in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

Tomassini

Tershakovec

et al. 2015

JAHA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cardiovascular diseases and associated mortality are strongly related to elevated blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and triglyceride (TG) 3, 4. Although lipid‐lowering drugs like statins and fibrates are effective in reducing TC, LDL‐C, and TG concentrations,5, 6, 7 major health organizations have maintained that modification of dietary and lifestyle patterns is the essential approach to prevention and management of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases 8, 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2015

JAHA

237

175

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BackgroundVegetarian diets exclude all animal flesh and are being widely adopted by an increasing number of people; however, effects on blood lipid concentrations remain unclear. This meta‐analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the overall effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids.Methods and ResultsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library through March 2015. Studies were included if they described the effectiveness of vegetarian diets on blood lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride). Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes by using a random‐effects model. We performed subgroup and univariate meta‐regression analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity. Eleven trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Vegetarian diets significantly lowered blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the pooled estimated changes were −0.36 mmol/L (95% CI −0.55 to −0.17; P<0.001), −0.34 mmol/L (95% CI −0.57 to −0.11; P<0.001), −0.10 mmol/L (95% CI −0.14 to −0.06; P<0.001), and −0.30 mmol/L (95% CI −0.50 to −0.10; P=0.04), respectively. Vegetarian diets did not significantly affect blood triglyceride concentrations, with a pooled estimated mean difference of 0.04 mmol/L (95% CI −0.05 to 0.13; P=0.40).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that vegetarian diets effectively lower blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Such diets could be a useful nonpharmaceutical means of managing dyslipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia.

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“…Thyroid autoimmunity was defined as positive TPOAb and/or TGAb. Dyslipidemia was defined as TG level ≥3.0 mmol/L and HDL cholesterol level (<1.0 mmol/L) regardless of patient's gender [24].…”

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and determinants of thyroid autoimmunity in Ghanaian type 2 diabetes patients: a case-control study

Sarfo‐Kantanka¹,

Ansah²,

Yorke³

et al. 2018

Pan Afr Med J Conf Proc

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Background: The link between type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoimmunity is well described. The same cannot be said for type 2 diabetes where results have been mixed so far. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of thyroid autoimmunity among Ghanaian type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This was a case-control study involving 302 type 2 diabetes patients and 310 non -diabetic controls aged 40-80 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Fasting samples were analyzed for glucose, thyroid function, and antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase.

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American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis

Cited by 438 publications

References 526 publications

Effect of Switching From Statin Monotherapy to Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination Therapy Compared With Other Intensified Lipid‐Lowering Strategies on Lipoprotein Subclasses in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

Effect of Switching From Statin Monotherapy to Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination Therapy Compared With Other Intensified Lipid‐Lowering Strategies on Lipoprotein Subclasses in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Frequency and determinants of thyroid autoimmunity in Ghanaian type 2 diabetes patients: a case-control study

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