Amber fossils of sooty moulds

Schmidt, Alexander R.; Beimforde, Christina; Seyfullah, Leyla J.; Wege, Sarah-Elena; Dörfelt, Heinrich; Girard, Vincent; Grabenhorst, Heinrich; Gube, Matthias; Heinrichs, Jochen; Nel, André; Nel, Patricia; Perrichot, Vincent; Reitner, Joachim; Rikkinen, Jouko

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.07.002

Cited by 40 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Colour ranged from light yellow to dark orange, size ranged between 40-70 μm, with smooth (Fig 3 B) as well as rough surfaces (Fig 3A, 3C). AMF indicated presence of dark elongated spores of fungi (Fig 3A, 3B) and dark mitosporic fungi with bulbous hyphae (Fig 3C) and dark dematiaceous fungi with septate hyphae with dark spores (Fig 4A and 4B), matching with similar forms reported in literature [1,4]. IV.…”

Section: IIIsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Our studies indicated that more insights could be gained if a large collection of AMF with bioinclusions is obtained and used as biological proxies for reconstruction of a clearer picture of bygone microbiosphere of any tropical coastal location. A predominance of unidentified fossilized fungi in AMF observed in this work shows the rich promise and potential for paleomycological research helpful in understanding Gondwana fungal assemblages and their evolutionary biology [1]. The potential of further research on AMF is shown in Fig.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Amber (Succinate=C6H6O4) is the fossilized resin produced from the trunks and the roots of certain trees mainly belonging to family Pinaceae, found in Russia, France, Germany, Lebanon, Spain, Dominican Republic, Austria, USA, Myanmar, Japan and Mexico [1] in various environments such as in lignite mines, silts, sediments ( Table 1). The age of amber varies from 4 to 300 Million years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Techniques to Study Ancient Micro Amber from Tropical Beach Sand Reveal a Treasurehouse of Exceptionally Well Preserved Fossilized Microfungi

Dabolkar¹

2017

IJRASET

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Simple, novel techniques developed for separation and simultaneous direct morphometric study of Amber Micro Fragments (AMF) from tropical beach sand are reported yielding rich information on unidentified fossilized microfungi. Sieves of different mesh sizes were used to separate AMF from tropical beach sand. Fractions below 150 μm which proved rich in AMF were used for manual retrieval using stereomicroscope. A handprinted slide microarray having 4 X 12 squares used for microscopic examination of multiple AMF mounts revealed AMF having either rough or smooth surfaces and with or without microinclusions. The microinclusions could be morphologically attributed to fungi. The potential for systematic and comprehensive studies to retrieve and examine AMF at high frequency from tropical beach sand in the world and especially those which are threatened due to sea level rise due to climate change was demonstrated. The potential of retrievable AMF from tropical beach sand in microbiological, metagenomic studies and as biological proxies to reconstruct bygone biospheres has been highlighted.

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Section: IIIsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Techniques to Study Ancient Micro Amber from Tropical Beach Sand Reveal a Treasurehouse of Exceptionally Well Preserved Fossilized Microfungi

Dabolkar¹

2017

IJRASET

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“…Fossil sooty molds have been described previously from Northern Hemisphere ambers. They mostly include distinctive vegetative hyphae of a sooty mold family Metacapnodiaceae, with oldest representatives dating back to the Cretaceous (Rikkinen et al, 2003;Schmidt et al, 2014). The abundance and diversity of extant sooty molds in New Zealand, combined with the fossil findings from Roxburgh amber, suggests a long evolutionary history of these fungi in the region.…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Amber inclusions from New Zealand

et al. 2018

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Terrestrial ecosystems of the long-isolated former Gondwanan landmass of NewZealand are hotspots of modern global biodiversity, based on the level of endemism and distinctiveness of the biota. However, little is known of the evolutionary history of the rarely-preserved but diverse, distinctive, fragile, mainly soft-bodied organisms such as arthropods and fungi that comprise 95% of biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Our discovery of fossils preserved in Oligocene/Miocene amber of araucarian origin reveals a diverse invertebrate and fungal biota and complex ecological networks. These fossils comprise 10 orders and approximately 20 families of terrestrial arthropods and include representatives of Pseudoscorpiones, Acari, Araneae, Collembola, Hemiptera, Psocoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, together with nematodes, mold fungi and araucarian wood. Ecologically the fossils encompass predators such as spiders with web remains, soil and bark mites, detritivores, parasites, fungivores and decomposers, fungi that grew on solidified resin flows, as well as predatory fungi. This is the first major amber deposit with an abundance of biological inclusions from the Southern Hemisphere and the only Cenozoic one of verified araucarian origin. These fossils expand the global record and evolutionary history of many arthropod and fungal groups, providing insights into mid-Cenozoic araucarian forest ecosystems and resolving controversial issues around the antecedents of the modern New Zealand terrestrial biota.

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“…Amber (Succinate=C6H6O4) is the fossilized resin produced from the trunks and the roots of certain trees mainly belonging to family Pinaceae, found in Russia, France, Germany, Lebanon, Spain, Dominican Republic, Austria, USA, Myanmar, Japan and Mexico (Schmidt et al, 2014) in various environments such as in lignite mines, silts, sediments ( Table 1). The age of amber varies from 4 to 300 Million years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Techniques to Study Ancient Micro Amber from Tropical Beach Sand Reveal a Treasurehouse of Exceptionally Well Preserved Fossilized Microfungi

Dabolkar

Kamat

2017

Preprint

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Simple, novel techniques developed for separation and simultaneous direct morphometric study of Amber micro fragments (AMF) from tropical beach sand are reported yielding rich information on unidentified fossilized microfungi. Sieves of different mesh sizes were used to separate AMF from tropical beach sand. Fractions below 150 μm which proved rich in AMF were used for manual retrieval using stereomicroscope. A handprinted slide microarray having 4 X 12 squares used for microscopic examination of multiple AMF mounts revealed AMF having either rough or smooth surfaces and with or without microinclusions. The microinclusions could be morphologically attributed to fungi. The potential for systematic and comprehensive studies to retrieve and examine AMF at high frequency from tropical beach sand in the world and especially those which are threatened due to sea level rise due to climate change was demonstrated. The potential of retrievable AMF from tropical beach sand in microbiological, metagenomic studies and as biological proxies to reconstruct bygone biospheres has been highlighted.SummaryNovel techniques for retrieval of AMF and visualization using slide microarray are described. Sand samples from various locations from Goa were collected by pool sampling method. Microscopic study helped to reveal that fraction between 150 and below 53 μm contained microscopic fragments of Amber ranging from size of within the size range of 70 μm or below and with or without bio inclusions. AMF Specimens with microinclusions such as fungi were identified and studied using standard keys.

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Amber fossils of sooty moulds

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Novel Techniques to Study Ancient Micro Amber from Tropical Beach Sand Reveal a Treasurehouse of Exceptionally Well Preserved Fossilized Microfungi

Novel Techniques to Study Ancient Micro Amber from Tropical Beach Sand Reveal a Treasurehouse of Exceptionally Well Preserved Fossilized Microfungi

Amber inclusions from New Zealand

Novel Techniques to Study Ancient Micro Amber from Tropical Beach Sand Reveal a Treasurehouse of Exceptionally Well Preserved Fossilized Microfungi

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