Alzheimer's disease: Preliminary study of spatial distribution at birth place

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21, ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20,29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21, ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20,29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21,30-50 ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,51-59 ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20, 29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Association between Trace elements and cognitive function among Elderly Subjects with Osteoporosis: A retrospective study

“…In addition, Shen X-L (46) among others reported comparable results, where higher levels of aluminum and other heavy metals were considered as a risk factor for cognitive impairment (43,47) . However, others reported no association between higher levels of aluminum and cognitive dysfunction (48,49) . This contradictory results were explained by small sample size, different samples used for measurement of aluminum (e.g., urine, blood, toenails, etc…) and different detection methods.…”

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21, ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20,29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21,30-50 ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,51-59 ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20, 29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Association between Trace elements and cognitive function among Elderly Subjects with Osteoporosis: A retrospective study

“…In addition, Shen X-L (46) among others reported comparable results, where higher levels of aluminum and other heavy metals were considered as a risk factor for cognitive impairment (43,47) . However, others reported no association between higher levels of aluminum and cognitive dysfunction (48,49) . This contradictory results were explained by small sample size, different samples used for measurement of aluminum (e.g., urine, blood, toenails, etc…) and different detection methods.…”

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21, ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20,29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis

“…The studies ranged in size from 321 28 to the entire population of the USA. 29 Methodologies included multiple-phase population surveys (n ¼ 13 19,21,30-50 ), one-phase surveys (n ¼ 10 22,23,28,51-59 ), using death certificate data (n ¼ 8 20, 29,49,[60][61][62][63][64][65]88 ) and case registers (n ¼ 3 [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] ). Eight studies included a longitudinal design allowing dementia incidence to be ascertained.…”

“…Thirteen studies included a clinical assessment of participants. 19,21,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]50,58,66,67,71 The papers included in the review were divided into groups reflecting the scale of comparison. Each group will be considered, in turn, comparing rates between countries or nationwide surveys, rural and urban areas, regions, towns or cities and smaller areas.…”

Association between Trace elements and cognitive function among Elderly Subjects with Osteoporosis: A retrospective study

“…In addition, Shen X-L (46) among others reported comparable results, where higher levels of aluminum and other heavy metals were considered as a risk factor for cognitive impairment (43,47) . However, others reported no association between higher levels of aluminum and cognitive dysfunction (48,49) . This contradictory results were explained by small sample size, different samples used for measurement of aluminum (e.g., urine, blood, toenails, etc…) and different detection methods.…”