Alzheimer's disease in the UK: comparative evidence on cost of illness and volume of health services research funding

Abstract. In this study, we analyzed the economic impact of one-year healthcare and non-healthcare resources utilization by patients with dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) under usual medical practice in Spain. A one-year, prospective, naturalistic, multicenter cohort study was designed to recruit patients with mild, moderate to severe, and severe AD according to Clinical Dementia Rating scale: the ECO study. Healthcare resources (medical visits, drugs and concomitant treatments, complementary and diagnostic tests, institutionalization and use of home-nursing facilities) and non-healthcare resources (inventory materials, consumables, professional and non-professional caregivers' time for care and supervision) were recorded and valued at 2006 prices. A total of 560 patients with possible/probable AD by DSM-IV-NINCDS-ADRDA criteria were included in the study: 68% women, 77 ± 6 years old, 29% treatment naïve. Monthly average cost per patient was 1,425.73, and increased 10.08% at the end of the study (baseline monthly cost; 1,316.22). Non-healthcare costs ( 1059.00, 74.30% of total cost) decreased 4.30/month (0.40%) at the end of the year, while healthcare costs, which presented a total average of 366.66, grew by 136.94 in the period (54.06%), mainly due to cost of drugs, nursing home utilization, and institutionalization. The 87.26% of the overall cost ( 1,244.22) was not financed by National Health Service (NHS), and the majority of this cost corresponded to caregiver-associated cost. The caregiver's total burden represented 70.86% of the overall cost-of-illness. In conclusion, monthly overall mean cost of dementia of AD type was high in Spain ( 1,412.73). Almost 88% of the cost-of-illness is funded by the patient's own family, adding a financial burden to the suffering of these families.

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“…This also occurs with the cost of this disease in other developed economies such as the US [53] or the United Kingdom [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Coduras

Rabasa

Frank

et al. 2010

JAD

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“…To our knowledge, there are no published or ongoing population-based studies designed to estimate the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia in Russia. Given the steep gradient in cognitive functions by year of birth found in this study, and given the cost of Alzheimer's disease in the west [28,29] , long-term follow-up of the HAPIEE cohorts and other studies of population rates of cognitive impairment in Russia should be a priority.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Year of Birth and Cognitive Functions in Russia and the Czech Republic: Cross-Sectional Results of the HAPIEE Study

et al. 2009

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Objectives: To assess differences in cognitive functions by year of birth in Russia and the Czech Republic. Methods: A cross-sectional study in the general population of Novosibirsk (Russia) and 6 cities of the Czech Republic recruited random samples of men and women (3,874 Russians, 3,626 Czechs) aged 45–69 years in 2002 (i.e. born in 1933–1957). Word recall, verbal fluency (number of animals named in 1 min) and letter search were assessed in a clinic. Results: Except letter search in men, we found similar levels of cognitive functioning in Russians and Czechs in the youngest subjects and a steeper association of functioning with year of birth in Russia than in the Czech Republic. For example, the difference in the mean word recall, associated with 10 years difference in year of birth, was 0.9 (SE 0.06) words in Russian men, compared to 0.4 (0.06) words in Czech men; in women, these figures were 0.8 (0.05) and 0.3 (0.05), respectively. For all outcomes, except letter search in men, the interactions between year of birth and country were statistically highly significant, and the differences in the year of birth effects between countries were largely unexplained by socioeconomic indicators and risk factors. Conclusion: The slope of association between lower cognitive functioning and earlier year of birth is much steeper in Russia than in the Czech Republic. Given that poor cognitive functioning is a risk factor for dementia, long-term follow-up of this cohort and other studies into population rates of cognitive impairment in Russia should be a priority.

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“…The cost of caring for people with dementia is immense, including the costs of 'informal' family care (direct costs and the opportunity costs of taking on the caring role), healthcare (both primary and secondary services) and social services (home care, day care and institutional care). It has been estimated that the direct costs of dementia are between £7.1 billion and £14.9 billion in the UK alone, 35 which is substantially greater than stroke (£3.2 billion), heart disease (£4.1 billion) and cancer (£1.6 billion). Our understanding of how these costs may be affected by interventions is very limited at present, but the extent of spending makes clear the value of attending to this issue.…”

Section: Costs Of Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of health-related quality of life for people with dementia: development of a new instrument (DEMQOL) and an evaluation of current methodology

Smith¹,

Lamping²,

Banerjee

et al. 2005

Health Technol Assess

512

520

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Alzheimer's disease in the UK: comparative evidence on cost of illness and volume of health services research funding

Cited by 70 publications

References 12 publications

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Association between Year of Birth and Cognitive Functions in Russia and the Czech Republic: Cross-Sectional Results of the HAPIEE Study

Measurement of health-related quality of life for people with dementia: development of a new instrument (DEMQOL) and an evaluation of current methodology

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