Alveolar bone exostoses following orthodontic treatment. Diagnostic considerations and clinical management

Abstract

An exostosis is a peripheral overgrowth of bone that is benign and has an undetermined cause. It may be an alveolar surface enlargement that is nodular, flat, or pedunculated. Torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), and alveolar bone exostoses (ABE) are the three anatomical terms for these lesions in the jaws, respectively. 1 Occasionally the same person may develop multiple exostoses. In young, dentate subjects, they may manifest as discrete, isolated bony growths on the facial alveolar bone or, less frequently, as multiple exostoses in the maxilla (torus palatinus) and mandible (mandibular tori) 2 (Table 1).Numerous authors have investigated the etiology of tori, but no consensus has emerged yet. Some of the speculated causes include genetics, environmental factors, masticatory hyperfunction, and continued growth. [3][4][5][6] Torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) tori prevalence varies with sample population, ranging from 0.4% to 66.5% and 0.5% to 63.4%, respectively. Racial differences seem to be considerable with a significant

The success rate of mini‐screws for incisors intrusion and patient age, gender, and insertion angle in the maxilla using CBCT and implant‐guided surgery. A split‐mouth, randomized control trail

“…45 On the other hand, other studies claimed that gender did not influence screw stability. [46][47][48] In the current study, comparing 45 degreewith 90-degree insertion angle showed that more screw stability was found in the 90° group with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P-value <.01). The present findings seem to be consistent with other research in which greater screw stability was found when the 90-degree insertion angle was performed.…”

“…This finding can be explained since males have more bone density than females, which allows better screw stability 45 . On the other hand, other studies claimed that gender did not influence screw stability 46–48 . In the current study, comparing 45 degree‐ with 90‐degree insertion angle showed that more screw stability was found in the 90° group with a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P ‐value <.01).…”