Aluminum separation by sulfuric acid leaching-solvent extraction from Al-bearing LiFePO4/C powder for recycling of Fe/P

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

To develop efficient, viable, and promising routes to regenerate nano-LiFePO4 (nano-LFP) composite materials from spent LFP batteries, this paper studied phosphate approaches by taking Li3PO4 and FePO4 as raw materials. The crystalline structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties of regenerated LiFePO4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurement. Regenerated LiFePO4 owned a good olivine structure with a space group of Pnma. After being coated with carbon, rectangular-structured LiFePO4 prepared by hydrothermal synthesis exhibited high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and good Li+ diffusivity. When the pH value was around 8.0 and the amount of the Li3PO4 raw material was 14 mmol, the discharge capacity at 0.1C was 158.6 mAh g–1 and the capacity retention rate was 99.19% at 1C after 300 cycles. Meanwhile, flake-like LiFePO4/C synthesized by the carbothermal method at 700 °C and a 14 wt % carbon mass fraction showed an initial discharge capacity of 159.0 mAh g–1 at 0.1C and a capacity retention rate of 97.45% after 300 cycles at 1C, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance. Overall, this study provides a facile, feasible, and sustainable recovery method for the battery industry for recovering phosphate products from spent LFP cathode materials and subsequent large-scale regeneration of LiFePO4 composite materials.

Section: Regeneration Of Lifepo 4 By LI 3 Po 4 As the Li Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Phosphate Route of Regeneration of LiFePO₄ Composite Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

“…Due to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries having outstanding thermal stability, high safety performance, excellent cycling performance, and low material cost, they are widely used in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. − However, after 500–2000 cycles of charge and discharge, the internal structure of the LFP batteries will change irreversibly, blocking the channel of Li + diffusion, and ultimately leading to the decommission of LFP batteries. − The global electric vehicle inventory is expected to reach 145 million by 2030. The number of the spent LFP batteries will exceed 11 million tons . According to statistics, spent LFP batteries contain about 1.1% lithium, and a weighing 1.3–1.7 tons electric vehicle contains about 500 kg of lithium .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of the spent LFP batteries will exceed 11 million tons. 12 According to statistics, spent LFP batteries contain about 1.1% lithium, and a weighing 1.3−1.7 tons electric vehicle contains about 500 kg of lithium. 13 If not handled properly, it will cause serious wasting of resources and environmental issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Solid-State Electrolysis for Green and Efficient Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Material Recycling: Prototype Reactor Tests

Huang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery recycling has to avoid excessive reagent cost and secondary pollution, such as waste acid. This research proposed a solid-state electrolysis method to reduce reagent cost and wastewater amount. This method was similar to the discharge mechanism of the lithium-ion battery, which innovatively adopted solid-state electrode reactions to leach Li and Fe into the phosphoric acid electrolyte. Meanwhile, several key performance indicators of such electrolyzers were evaluated. The time-space yield of the solid-state electrodes reached 108.17 g m–2 h–1. The leaching efficiency of Li and Fe reached 98.23 and 96.06%, respectively, with electric energy consumption of only 578.15 kW h per ton spent LFP cathode materials. The apparent leaching kinetics analysis determined the control step of the Li and Fe leaching process. The recovery rates of Li and Fe were 93.51 and 97.96%, respectively. Battery-grade FePO4 and Li3PO4 products were derived, which were directly employed for LiFePO4 reproduction. With further evaporation to prepare NH4H2PO4, there was no waste water in all processes of this novel recycling method. This study demonstrates the possibility of green and efficient spent LFP recovery and contributes to environmental protection and sustainable development of resources.

Dynamic Li⁺ Capture through Ligand‐Chain Interaction for the Regeneration of Depleted LiFePO₄ Cathode

Zhao,

Wang,

Guo

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

After application in electric vehicles, spent LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries are typically decommissioned. Traditional recycling methods face economic and environmental constraints. Therefore, direct regeneration has emerged as a promising alternative. However, irreversible phase changes can significantly hinder the efficiency of the regeneration process owing to structural degradation. Moreover, improper storage and treatment practices can lead to metamorphism, further complicating the regeneration process. In this study, we propose a sustainable recovery method for the electrochemical repair of LFP batteries. We utilize a ligand‐chain Zn‐complex (ZnDEA) as a structural regulator, with its ─NH─ group alternatingly facilitating the binding of preferential transition metal ions (Fe3+ during charging and Zn2+ during discharging). This dynamic coordination ability helps to modulate volume changes within the recovered LFP framework. Consequently, the recovered LFP framework can store more Li‐ions, enhance phase transition reversibility between LFP and FePO4 (FP), modify the initial Coulombic efficiency, and reduce polarization voltage differences. The recovered LFP cells exhibit excellent capacity retention of 96.30% after 1500 cycles at 2 C. The ligand chain repair mechanism promotes structural evolution to facilitate ion migration, providing valuable insights into the targeted ion compensation for environmentally friendly recycling in practical applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved