Altering the reaction mechanism to eliminate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries

Li, Huanxin; Ma, Shuai; Li, Jiawen; Liu, Fuyu; Zhou, Haihui; Huang, Zhongyuan; Jiao, Shuqiang; Kuang, Yafei

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.01.002

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…[23] To suppress the shuttle effect, Li et al synthesized a TiO x N y -TiO 2 QDs@C as an efficient redox mediator to convert S 8 molecules into stably adsorbed S 2 σ− -RM σ+ species, which remained a capacity of 869 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles. [24] Huang et al reported a S/TiO 2 QDs/N-rich graphene that had a good cycling stability with an initial capacity of 1173 mAh g −1 . [25] Furthermore, Gao's group prepared a flexible TiO 2 QDs@MXene/S cathode in which the 2D transition metal nitrides and carbides increased the conductivity and alleviated the volumetric expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polysulfides‐Confined All‐in‐One Porous Microcapsule Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode

Liu

Zhu

Shen

et al. 2021

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Developing emerging materials for high energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is of great significance to suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides and to accommodate the volumetric change of sulfur. Here, a novel porous microcapsule system containing a carbon nanotubes/tin dioxide quantum dots/S (CNTs/QDs/S) composite core and a porous shell prepared through a liquid‐driven coaxial microfluidic method as Li–S battery cathode is developed. The encapsulated CNTs in the microcapsules provide pathways for electron transport; SnO2 QDs on CNTs immobilize the polysulfides by strong adsorption, which is verified by using density functional theory calculations on binding energies. The porous shell of the microcapsule is beneficial for ion diffusion and electrolyte penetration. The void inside the microcapsule accommodates the volumetric change of sulfur. The Li–S battery based on the porous CNTs/QDs/S microcapsules displays a high capacity of 1025 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. When the sulfur loading is 2.03 mg cm−2, the battery shows a stable cycling life of 700 cycles, a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.9%, a recoverable rate‐performance during repeated tests, and a good temperature tolerance at both −5 and 45 °C, which indicates a potential for applications at different conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polysulfides‐Confined All‐in‐One Porous Microcapsule Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode

Liu

Zhu

Shen

et al. 2021

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“…Hence, this mechanism imparted the battery capacity of 869 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 C and a capacity decay of 0.02% per cycle. [31] Molybdenum oxides have also been known for their conductive abilities, which have been reported to be ≈190 S cm −1 . [226] In 2018, Li's group developed a thin oxidation layer of MoO x on the MoC surface by exposing it to ambient air.…”

Section: Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterogeneous and homogeneous mediators manifest great promise in solving the issues of Li-S batteries through different aspects, with heterogeneous mediators contributing to the shuttle inhibition via kinetic enhancement and homogeneous mediators covering the spatial distribution control of soluble species. [23,31] The synergistic performance of a combination of the two types holds much potential for future research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode Design: Tailoring Metal‐Based Nanostructures for Robust Polysulfide Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion

2021

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portable electronic devices such as laptops and mobile phones. However, with the increasing demand for clean energy and portable electronics, the energy densities powered by the LIB (≈300 mAh g −1 ) are beginning to reach the threshold limit and thus, leading to a need for an alternate environmentally friendly and more economical energy storage technology with higher energy densities. [1] One of the most promising candidates for the LIB replacement is the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery, which utilizes the redox reaction between sulfur and lithium. Compared to LIB and other metal-sulfur batteries (Figure 1a), Li-S batteries are profiled as a viable energy storage technology stemming from their high specific energy capacity of 1675 mAh g −1 and superior energy density of around 2670 Wh kg −1 . [1a-d,2] The elemental sulfur, which is used as the cathode material, also has a multitude of auspicious properties such as its inexpensiveness, environmentally friendliness, abundancy and non-toxicity. [2d,3] In addition, another emerging battery system is the metal-air battery, which is a half-open system that utilize oxygen from ambient air as the active cathode material. Thus, Li-S batteries are comparatively safer due to their enclosed system. Apart from that, the influence of CO 2 , H 2 O, and N 2 in ambient air can lead to chemical instability in metal-air batteries. [4] Taking Li-air batteries as an example, the presence of CO 2 leads to the formation of Li 2 CO 3 , which is more chemically stable than Li 2 O 2 and causes a larger charge overpotential, hence leading to decomposition issues of electrolytes. [5] Nevertheless, progress for the real-world usage of Li-S batteries is currently hindered by multiple drawbacks. First, despite its manifold advantages, sulfur and its discharge products (Li 2 S or Li 2 S 2 ) are inherently insulating with low conductivities of 10 −7 to 10 −30 S cm −1 at room temperature, rendering it unbefitting to be directly used as the cathode. [6] Second, the inevitable volume expansion of the electrode (≈80%) due to the contrasting densities of S 8 and Li 2 S causes structural damage during the charge/discharge cycle. [7] Third, the "polysulfide shuttle effect" would occur, whereby the soluble higher order polysulfides (Li 2 S 4 to Li 2 S 8 ) dissolve in the electrolyte and migrate between the anode and the cathode, leading to its Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have a high specific energy capacity and density of 1675 mAh g −1 and 2670 Wh kg −1 , respectively, rendering them among the most promising successors for lithium-ion batteries. However, there are myriads of obstacles in the practical application and commercialization of Li-S batteries, including the low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products (Li 2 S/Li 2 S 2 ), volume expansion of sulfur electrode, and the polysulfide shuttle effect. Hence, immense attention has been devoted to rectifying these issues, of which the application of metal-based compounds (i.e., transition metal, metal phosphides, sulfides, oxides, carbides...

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“…Current energy and environmental problems greatly increase the requirement for high-efficiency and green energy conversion & storage systems [1][2]. Lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries) is identified as one of the prospective energy storage devices in the future because of its high energy density, portability and inexpensive [3][4]. However, the problems such as the low conductivity of sulfur, shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfide in organic electrolyte and volume expansion of electrodes, need to be resolved for practical applications with high requirements [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of CoO/SnO2@NC/S composite as high-stability cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries

Duan

Xue

et al. 2021

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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To improve the sulfur loading capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries) cathode and avoid the inevitable "shuttle effect", hollow N doped carbon coated CoO/SnO 2 (CoO/SnO 2 @NC) composite has been designed and prepared by a hydrothermal-calcination method. The specific surface area of CoO/SnO 2 @NC composite is 85.464 m 2 •g -1 , and the pore volume is 0.1189 cm 3 •g -1 . The hollow core-shell structure as a carrier has a sulfur loading amount of 66.10%. The initial specific capacity of the assembled Li-S batteries is 395.7 mAh•g -1 at 0.2 C, which maintains 302.7 mAh•g -1 after 400 cycles. When the rate increases to 2.5 C, the specific capacity still has 221.2 mAh•g -1 . The excellent lithium storage performance is attributed to the core-shell structure with high specific surface area and porosity. This structure effectively increases the sulfur loading, enhances the chemical adsorption of lithium polysulfides, and reduces direct contact between CoO/SnO 2 and the electrolyte.

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Altering the reaction mechanism to eliminate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries

Cited by 65 publications

References 59 publications

A Polysulfides‐Confined All‐in‐One Porous Microcapsule Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode

A Polysulfides‐Confined All‐in‐One Porous Microcapsule Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode

Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode Design: Tailoring Metal‐Based Nanostructures for Robust Polysulfide Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion

Preparation of CoO/SnO2@NC/S composite as high-stability cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries

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