Ältere Arbeitnehmer

Von der Frühverrentung bis zur Rente mit 67

“…Erst nachdem große Teile der jährlichen Altersrentenzugänge von mehr als nur geringfügigen Abschlägen betroffen waren, also in den Jahren ab ca. 2001, setzten Diskussionen um die »richtige« Höhe der Abschläge ein (siehe hierzu Ohsmann/Stolz/Thiede 2004; Börsch-Supan 2004;Bäcker et al 2009, S. 70-76 sowie Werding 2007und Gasche 2012.…”

Late-career Risks in Changing Welfare States

“…A common and plausible assumption is that the retrenchment of early retirement options and other recent changes in social policy have disproportionately affected workers whose late careers are interrupted by job loss or the onset of health problems -and that such workers may fall further behind as social policy continues to emphasize later retirement (Bäcker et al 2009;Köhler-Rama et al 2010;Johnson 2011;Kingson and Morrissey 2012). There are also reasons to suspect that such changes have been (and will be) particularly consequential in the German context where various factors depress the reemployment prospects of displaced older workers.…”

“…It seems reasonable to expect that these reforms have been more consequential for workers whose late careers are interrupted by job displacement or the onset of health problems (cf. Bäcker et al 2009;Kingson and Morrissey 2012): Workers experiencing smooth and stable late careers can quite easily respond to changed financial incentives by delaying their retirement. By contrast, older workers who experience a job loss are faced with a decision between retiring earlier than planned and becoming reemployed, possibly at a much lower wage than they earned before displacement.…”

“…Taken together, these changes have raised the costs of early retirement considerably (Borgmann and Heidler 2007;Himmelreicher and Stuchlik 2008;Bäcker et al 2009), even though American provisions still seem to Wörz (2011b) impose somewhat harsher penalties. Toward the very end of the observation period these changes in early retirement options proper became reinforced by reductions in the maximum duration of first-tier unemployment benefits and the abolition of the second earnings-related tier (see Section 3.4.2 above), which lowered the attractiveness of using unemployment benefits as a bridge transfer on the path to early retirement.…”

“…24 There were also repeated and rather technical changes in benefit indexation (for further details, see Borgmann and Heidler 2007;Bäcker et al 2009;Wörz 2011b). Borgmann and Heidler (2007) quantify the impact of changes in German pension legislation between 1970 and 2004 by calculating their impact on Social Security Wealth (see Section 3.2 above), a measure that is common in the economics literature and closely related to monthly benefit levels.…”