Alterations of plasma antioxidants and mitochondrial DNA mutation in hair follicles of smokers

Abstract

The effects of long-term smoking on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in hair follicles were investigated in subjects with different antioxidant capacity. Twenty-two male smokers with a smoking index of greater than 5 pack-years and without any known systemic diseases were recruited for this study. Forty healthy nonsmoking males were included as controls. We found that the concentrations of ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol and the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase in blood plasma were significantly decreased in smokers. The levels of glutathione and protein thiols in whole blood and the incidence of a 4,977 bp deletion of mtDNA (dmtDNA) in hair follicles were significantly increased in smokers. A significantly higher incidence of the 4,977 bp dmtDNA was found in smokers with plasma GST activity less than 5.66 U/l (OR = 7.2, P = 0.020). Using multiple covariate ANOVA and logistic regression, we found that age and low plasma GST activity were the only two risk factors for the 4,977 bp dmtDNA. These results suggest that smoking depletes antioxidants and causes mtDNA deletions and that plasma GST may play an important role in the preservation of the mitochondrial genome in tissue cells of smokers.

Disturbance of systemic antioxidant profile in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma

“…Cigarette smoking, the most important cause of lung cancer, has been shown to be associated with depletion of some plasma antioxidants including vitamin C, a-tocopherol, carotenoids, glutathione-S-transferase and GPx [28,29]. This negative effect of cigarette smoking on plasma micronutrients was not limited to active smokers; serum carotenoids were also found to be reduced in passive smokers [30].…”

Implications of cigarette smoking on early‐onset androgenetic alopecia: A cross‐sectional Study

“…Firstly, smoking is related to vasoconstriction and local ischemia reducing the papillary dermis blood flow and shunting in more toxic substances 31‐33 . Secondly, nicotine has been associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations in the hair follicles 34 . Moreover, AGA had been associated with states of hyperandrogenemia or may yield a relative hypoestrogenic state by inhibition of aromatase 35,36 .…”

The Effects of Aging and Smoking on the Deletions of Mitochondrial DNA in Turkish Population

“…Li u ve ar ka daş la rı yap tık -la rı ça lış ma lar da, bi rey le rin saç fo li kül le rin de 4977 bç ve 7436 bç'lik mtDNA de les yon la rı nı araş tır mış, 4977 bç mtDNA de les yo nu ile yaş lan ma, si ga ra kulla nı mı ve si ga ra tü ke tim mik tar la rı ara sın da is ta tistik sel ola rak an lam lı lık tes pit et miş ler dir. 20,23 An cak 7436 bç mtDNA de les yo nu na sa de ce bir bi rey de rast la dık la rın dan bu de les yon la il gi li her han gi bir an lam lı lık be lir le ne me miş tir. 20,23 Yap tı ğı mız ça lış ma da da li te ra tür de ki ça lış -ma la rın bul gu la rı nı doğ ru la yan so nuç lar el de edilmiş, si ga ra kul la nan bi rey le rin mtDNA' la rın da 4977 bç'lik de les yo nun, kul lan ma yan la ra gö re 5; 25 kat faz la ol du ğu tes pit edil miş tir.…”

“…20,23 An cak 7436 bç mtDNA de les yo nu na sa de ce bir bi rey de rast la dık la rın dan bu de les yon la il gi li her han gi bir an lam lı lık be lir le ne me miş tir. 20,23 Yap tı ğı mız ça lış ma da da li te ra tür de ki ça lış -ma la rın bul gu la rı nı doğ ru la yan so nuç lar el de edilmiş, si ga ra kul la nan bi rey le rin mtDNA' la rın da 4977 bç'lik de les yo nun, kul lan ma yan la ra gö re 5; 25 kat faz la ol du ğu tes pit edil miş tir. MtDNA' da ki 7436 bç'lik de les yon ise ağır içi ci gru bun da ki birey le rin %7.3'ün de gö rü lür ken, si ga ra kul lan mayan ve ha fif içi ci grup lar da bu de les yo na rast lan ma mış tır.…”

“…Saç fo li kül le rin de ki DNA ha sa rı nın, uzun sü re li ma ruzi yet so nu cu si ga ra dan kay nak la nan ge no tok si si tenin iz len me si için iyi bir bi yo gös ter ge ola bi le ce ği ile ri sü rül mek te dir. 20 Saç fo li kü le rin de gö rü len 4977 bç ve 7436 bç mtDNA de les yon la rı nın, sa de ce yaş lan ma ile de ğil, ay nı za man da si ga ra kul la nı mın da da ge no mik hasa rın be lir te ci ol du ğu gös te ril miş tir. Ay rı ca bu deles yon la rın yük sek oran lar da ol ma sı, si ga ra kul la nı mı na bağ lı kan ser le rin de gös ter ge si ola rak dü şü nül mek te dir.…”