Alterations in the processing of non-drug-related affective stimuli in abstinent heroin addicts

Wang, Zhaoxin; Zhang, Junyi; Wu, Qiulin; Liu, Ning; Hu, Xiaoping; Chan, Raymond C. K.; Xiao, Zhuangwei

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.020

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Correlation analyses based on the direct contrast between the task (including the 0-, 1- and 2-back block) and baseline were then carried out to generate the activation map for each group ( P ≤ 10 −10 , cluster size ≥ 4 voxels), which were related to the n-back task irrespective of the task-load (0-, 1-, and 2-back). For individual analysis, a mixed regression analysis with General Linear Model was employed, comprising three task-related square-wave block regressors, each for 0-, 1-, and 2-back condition, respectively, and 6 regressors corresponding to the head motion covariates [38]. As a result, three activation maps ( P ≤ 0.05, cluster size ≥ 4 voxels) were generated, and a combined activation map was obtained by the logical ‘OR’ of these maps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperactivation of working memory-related brain circuits in newly diagnosed middle-aged type 2 diabetics

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2014

Acta Diabetol

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known for its adverse impacts on brain and cognition, which lead to multidimensional cognitive deficits and wildly-spread cerebral structure abnormalities. However, existing literatures are mainly focused on patients with advanced age or extended T2DM duration. Therefore, it remains unclear whether and how brain function would be affected at the initial onset stage of T2DM in relatively younger population. In current study, twelve newly-diagnosed middle-aged T2DM patients with no previous diabetic treatment history and twelve matched controls were recruited. Brain activations during a working memory task, the digit n-back paradigm (0-, 1- and 2-back), were obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Whereas patients performed the n-back task comparably well as controls, significant load-by-group interactions of brain activation were found in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left middle/inferior frontal gyrus, and left parietal cortex, where patients exhibited hyperactivation in the 2-back but not the 0-back or 1-back condition compared to controls. Furthermore, the severity of chronic hyperglycemia, estimated by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, was entered into partial correlational analyses with task-related brain activations, while controlling for the real-time influence of glucose, estimated by instant plasma glucose level measured before scanning. Significant positive correlations were found between HbA1c and brain activations in the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral DLPFC only in patients. Taken together, these findings suggest there might be a compensatory mechanism due to brain inefficiency related to chronic hyperglycemia at the initial onset stage of T2DM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperactivation of working memory-related brain circuits in newly diagnosed middle-aged type 2 diabetics

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2014

Acta Diabetol

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“…Such tasks include reading a personalized stress script (25, 26) or a social stress task (Montreal Imaging Stress Task) (27), multiple negative stimuli presented over blocks of time (28), and cue conditioning, in which a neutral conditioned stimulus is paired with an unpleasant unconditioned stimulus, evoking a negative emotional response (29). Cognitive modulation tasks, which include “cognitive reappraisal” (16) and “reinterpretation” (30), require participants to use cognitive reframing techniques (reappraisal) to alter their emotional response to a stimulus (16, 30–35).…”

Section: Four Dimensions Underlying Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In individuals (primarily male) with alcohol disorders (26, 74), opioid use disorders (opioid disorders) (28), and cocaine use disorders (cocaine disorders) (25, 75), tasks of affective modulation showed no change or dampened amygdala (25, 26, 28, 74, 75) and insula (25, 26, 28, 74) activation relative to controls. In contrast to a cohort of matched male participants with cocaine disorders who showed no amygdala and limited insula activation during a personalized stressful narrative, however, female participants demonstrated a marked response (75).…”

Section: Neural Circuitry Of Emotion Regulation In Substance Use Disomentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Circuitry of Impaired Emotion Regulation in Substance Use Disorders

Wilcox¹,

Pommy²,

Adinoff³

2016

AJP

167

126

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Impaired emotion regulation contributes to the development and severity of substance use disorders (substance disorders). This review summarizes the literature on alterations in emotion regulation neural circuitry in substance disorders, particularly in relation to disorders of negative affect (without substance disorder), and it presents promising areas of future research. Emotion regulation paradigms during functional magnetic resonance imaging are conceptualized into four dimensions: affect intensity and reactivity, affective modulation, cognitive modulation, and behavioral control. The neural circuitry associated with impaired emotion regulation is compared in individuals with and without substance disorders, with a focus on amygdala, insula, and prefrontal cortex activation and their functional and structural connectivity. Hypoactivation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (rACC/vmPFC) is the most consistent finding across studies, dimensions, and clinical populations (individuals with and without substance disorders). The same pattern is evident for regions in the cognitive control network (anterior cingulate and dorsal and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices) during cognitive modulation and behavioral control. These congruent findings are possibly related to attenuated functional and/or structural connectivity between the amygdala and insula and between the rACC/vmPFC and cognitive control network. Although increased amygdala and insula activation is associated with impaired emotion regulation in individuals without substance disorders, it is not consistently observed in substance disorders. Emotion regulation disturbances in substance disorders may therefore stem from impairments in prefrontal functioning, rather than excessive reactivity to emotional stimuli. Treatments for emotion regulation in individuals without substance disorders that normalize prefrontal functioning may offer greater efficacy for substance disorders than treatments that dampen reactivity.

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“…Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with affectively positive stimuli have reported relatively less neural activity in limbic (right amygdala; Wang et al, 2010), as well as posterior cortical (Wang et al, 2010) and anterior cortical locations (Ziljstra et al, 2009) in abstinent heroin dependent patients relative to controls. Of particular relevance to the current study, Ziljstra et al (2009) used fMRI to evaluate neural responses to positive hedonic stimuli and drug cues among recently detoxified heroin-dependent males.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of anhedonia and differential reward processing in prefrontal cortex among post-withdrawal patients with prescription opiate dependence

Huhn

Meyer

Harris

et al. 2016

Brain Research Bulletin

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Anhedonia is an important but understudied element of a neuroadaptive model underlying vulnerability to relapse in opioid dependence. Previous research using fMRI has shown reduced activation to pleasant stimuli in rostral prefrontal cortex among heroin-dependent patients in early recovery. This study evaluated the presence of anhedonia among recently withdrawn prescription opiate dependent patients (PODP) in residential treatment compared to control subjects. Anhedonia was assessed using self-report, affect-modulated startle response (AMSR), and a cue reactivity task during which participant’s rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) was monitored with functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The cue reactivity task included three distinct categories of natural reward stimuli: highly palatable food, positive social situations, and intimate (nonerotic) interactions. PODP reported greater anhedonia on self-report (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), and showed reduced hedonic response to positive stimuli in the AMSR task relative to controls. PODP also exhibited reduced neural activation in bilateral RPFC and left VLPFC in response to food images and reduced left VLPFC in response to images depicting positive social situations relative to controls. No differences were found for emotionally intimate stimuli. When patients were divided into groups based on the Snaith-Hamilton criteria for the presence or absence of anhedonia, patients endorsing anhedonia showed reduced neural responses to images depicting positive social stimuli and food relative to patients who did not endorse anhedonia. Activations were in areas of RPFC that support the retrieval of episodic memories. The results suggest the presence of anhedonia in a subsample of PODP.

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Alterations in the processing of non-drug-related affective stimuli in abstinent heroin addicts

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Hyperactivation of working memory-related brain circuits in newly diagnosed middle-aged type 2 diabetics

Hyperactivation of working memory-related brain circuits in newly diagnosed middle-aged type 2 diabetics

Neural Circuitry of Impaired Emotion Regulation in Substance Use Disorders

Evidence of anhedonia and differential reward processing in prefrontal cortex among post-withdrawal patients with prescription opiate dependence

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