Alterations in normal fatty acid composition in a temperature-sensitive mutant of a thermophilic bacillus

Souza, K. A.; Kostiw, Luba L.; Tyson, B. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00403049

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The increase of phosphatidylethanolamine with temperature and the simultaneous decrease of phosphatidylglycerol also occurred in all three strains, which is in agreement with other data (Hasegawa et al, 1980). Concerning the fatty acid composition, all three strains were found to contain relatively high amounts of branched compounds, which is common in thermophiles (Jackson et al, 1973;Souza et al, 1974;Heinen and Lauwers, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Both lipid content and fatty acid composition of the cytoplasmic membrane are affected by the environmental temperature (Bodman and Welker, 1969;Heinen et al, 1970;Weerkamp and Heinen, 1972;Sinensky, 1974;Souza et al, 1974;Hasegawa et al, 1980;Johnston and Goldfine, 1982). More specifically, it has been shown, that branched-chain fatty acids, which can represent up to 70-90% of the total fatty acids in the genus Bacillus (Kaneda, 1977), are involved in the temperature-dependent alterations observed in thermophiles among these bacilli, which may contain 40-90% of these compounds (Jackson et al, 1973;Souza et al, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Temperature-dependent lipid content and fatty acid composition of three thermophilic bacteria

Aerts

Lauwers

Heinen

1985

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The lipid content and fatty acid composition of a strain of Bacillus caldolyticus and of two facultative thermophiles (B. flavothermus and strain NZ-2) were analysed after growth at different temperatures. In all three strains the amount of membrane, as a fraction of total cellular dry mass, was found to increase with temperature, however, in varying degrees. Changes of lipid content and protein/lipid ratio in B. caldolyticus between 60 degrees C and 100 degrees C and in strain NZ-2 between 45 degrees C and 70 degrees C were minor; in B. flavothermus the alterations in the 50 degrees C-70 degrees C range were more pronounced. The same was found for changes observed in the phospholipid/total lipid and phospholipid/membrane ratios, and also in the amounts of individual phospholipids. The alterations of the fatty acid composition were most significant in B. caldolyticus, especially between 80 degrees C and 95 degrees C. In contrast, the main changes in B. flavothermus and NZ-2 were found to occur between 30 degrees C and 50 degrees C, and between 45 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively. Based on these data, strain NZ-2 could be characterized as the least and B. flavothermus as the most versatile of the three organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temperature-dependent lipid content and fatty acid composition of three thermophilic bacteria

Aerts

Lauwers

Heinen

1985

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…This mutant is unable to grow and will Iye at temperatures above 580, while the parent strain grows optimally at 650 and maximally at 720. Earlier studies (14) indicated that the defect in the mutant may involve lipid metabolism. Results for the mutant are also shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacillus stearothermophilus, strain YTG-2, and a temperature-sensitive mutant (TS-13) derived from YTG-2 were used throughout this work. Taxonomic characteristics, growth conditions, isolation of the mutant, and lipid analysis are given elsewhere (14). Spheroplast membranes were prepared following a procedure of Wisdom and Welker (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between Thermal Death and Membrane Fluidity in Bacillus stearothermophilus

Esser¹,

Souza²

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin labels partitioned into spheroplast membranes of Bacillus stearothermophilus indicate lateral lipid phase separations. Cells adjust their lipid composition in response to temperature changes so that the same change of state in membrane phospholipids is achieved at the respective growth temperature. A temperature-sensitive mutant that fails to change its lipid composition above a certain temperature can survive only up to the higher temperature boundary for lateral phase separation. These data are interpreted to indicate that the maximal and minimal growth temperatures of thermophiles are regulated by the onset and conclusion of phase separations of the particular lipid composition they synthesize.'It is suggested that isolated lipid domains are required for functional membrane assembly.Prokaryotic microorganisms have the remarkable ability to adapt to temperature extremes that are usually considered lethal for other forms of life. This so-called biokinetic temperature zone for microorganisms extends from -100 to nearly 100°(1, 2). The capacity of thermophilic organisms to grow at very high temperatures resides in their ability to synthesize cell components that have a greater heat stability than the corresponding components synthesized by mesophiles and psychrophiles. It is well documented (for review, see ref.3) that proteins from thermophiles are not readily heatdenatured. Likewise, Tm values, which characterize the melting behavior of DNA and RNA, are higher for thermophilic strains of a given genus (2,4). However, these observations do not give an indication about the mechanisms that lead to the creation of thermostable macromolecules. In addition, there is no ready explanation for the observed differences in maximal growth temperature (Tmax), optimal growth temperature (T0pt), and minimal growth temperature (Tmin) among different species.The idea that the maximal growth temperature any organism can achieve is determined by its membrane stability has also been entertained by many investigators. In early work, Heilbrunn (5) and BelehrAdek. (6) postulated that organisms adapt to changes in temperature by altering their plasma lipid composition and that heat resistance was, therefore, related to the melting temperature-of the lipids. At the time of their work, the presence of lipids in membranes was not yet known. More recently, Johnston and Roots (7) argued Abbreviations: 5-doxyl stearate, 4',4'-dimethyloxazolidine-Noxyl derivative of 5-keto stearate; TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance. 4111that cells must maintain lipids near the critical point of phase transition in order to achieve an appropriate degree of expansibility and solid-liquid ratio. They argued further that varying the degree of fatty acid unsaturation could provide an effective way to preserve this particular state. Only in the past few years were these ideas incorporated into proposals for membrane structure in general (for review, see ref. 8).The impo...

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Temperature‐dependent morphological changes in membranes of bacillus stearothermophilus

1978

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Bacillus stearothermophilus cells vary the lipid fatty acid composition of cytoplasmic membranes with growth temperature. Spin label studies of such membranes have been interpreted to indicate lateral lipid phase separations a t the growth temperature. We have now used freeze-fracture electron microscopy to confirm the spin label studies. Freeze-fracture faces of protoplasts indicate slight but distinct protein aggregation at the growth temperature. Aggregation increases rapidly with decreasing quench temperature in wild-type cells. In contrast we were unable t o demonstrate extended protein segregation in membranes of a temperature-sensitive mutant that contains more than 58% branched fatty acids. results in the appearance of corrugated fracture faces with 300t o 500-8, repeat patterns, although this organism does not synthesize lecithins. Storage of protoplasts for prolonged times below the lipid phase transitionHalf a century ago, Heilbrunn [ 11 postulated that poikilothermic organisms adapt to changes in temperature by altering their lipid composition and that heat resistance, therefore, was related to the melting temperature of lipids. Since then this proposal has been confirmed in a vast number of experiments. With a few exceptions, practically all organisms were shown t o be capable of such adaptive changes (for an early review see Abbreviations: DTA, differential thermal analysis; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; TSB, 1% (w/v) Tryptic Soy Broth; doxyl, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine-N-oxyl; Tempo, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-Craig Halverson is now at the Chapman [ 2 ] and for more recent ones see Fulco [3] and Cronan and Gelman [4]). For

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Alterations in normal fatty acid composition in a temperature-sensitive mutant of a thermophilic bacillus

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Temperature-dependent lipid content and fatty acid composition of three thermophilic bacteria

Temperature-dependent lipid content and fatty acid composition of three thermophilic bacteria

Correlation between Thermal Death and Membrane Fluidity in Bacillus stearothermophilus

Temperature‐dependent morphological changes in membranes of bacillus stearothermophilus

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