Alterations in iron metabolism and the erythron in major depression: Further evidence for a chronic inflammatory process

Maes, Michaël; Vyvere, Johan Van de; Vandoolaeghe, Eric; Bril, Tania; Demedts, Paul; Wauters, Annick; Neels, Hugo

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(96)00038-9

Cited by 76 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In patients, depression is associated with normal or increased levels of serum ferritin concentrations in studies conducted mostly in Western countries (Brock, 1994;Maes et al, 1996). In a study in Taiwan, chronic hemodialysis patients with major depressive symptoms had significantly higher levels of serum ferritin concentrations than patients without major depressive symptoms (Huang and Lee, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic inflammatory process has been addressed to explain this association. Major depression is accompanied by biochemical and immune changes suggesting the presence of either an acute or a chronic inflammatory process (Maes, 1995;Maes et al, 1996). Important determinants of an inflammatory process are the release of cytokines and alterations of iron metabolism characterized by decreased serum iron and transferrin levels with normal or increased serum ferritin levels (Huang and Lee, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significantly lower serum ferritin has been reported in non-anemic women with untreated major endogenous depression than in healthy controls (Batalena et al, 1990). In contrast, increased levels of serum ferritin concentrations were positively associated with depressive symptoms in studies conducted among inpatients admitted to the treatment resistant depression ward (Maes et al, 1996) and chronic hemodialysis patients with major depression (Huang and Lee, 2007). Roles of systemic, low-grade inflammation have been frequently used to explain the relationship (Maes et al, 1996;Huang and Lee, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Nanri

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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a b s t r a c tKeywords: Depressive symptoms, Serum ferritin, Body iron store, General population, JapaneseIt remains unclear whether levels of body iron store are related to milder forms of depression, which are more common among apparently healthy people. We examined the association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms among 312 men and 216 women working in two municipal offices in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. In men, increased prevalence of depressive symptoms (defined by using a cutoff value of ≥ 19) was significantly associated with decreased levels of serum ferritin. In age-and study-site-adjusted models, ORs (95% CIs) for depressive symptoms for men in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.83 (1.01-7.94), 1.74 (0.87-3.49), 1.33 (0.71-2.47), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.02). In multivariate-adjusted model, ORs (95% CIs) in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.88 (0.93-8.91), 1.91 (0.90-4.05), 1.28 (0.66-2.49), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.03). No significant association was detected in women. Our finding that men with lower levels of serum ferritin concentrations had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms suggests that adverse psychological effects may be implicated in iron deficiency among middle-age Japanese workers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Nanri

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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“…Prior studies about hemoglobin and depression have been conducted; However, the study populations involved mostly the elderly (Onder et al 2005;Lucca et al 2008;Hamer and Molloy 2009;Umegaki et al 2011;Chen et al 2012;Pan et al 2012;Stewart and Hirani 2012) or patients with specific diseases such as acute coronary syndrome (Steptoe et al 2012), beta-thalassemia (Keskek et al 2013), postpartum (Corwin et al 2003), stroke (Ormstad et al 2012), and depression (Maes et al 1996). Because previous studies were limited to specific populations, epidemiologic evidence for such a link in the general or a younger population is still inadequate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because previous studies were limited to specific populations, epidemiologic evidence for such a link in the general or a younger population is still inadequate. Most of these studies used a cross-sectional study design (Maes et al 1996;Corwin et al 2003;Onder et al 2005;Lucca et al 2008;Umegaki et al 2011;Chen et al 2012;Pan et al 2012;Stewart and Hirani 2012;Keskek et al 2013). There were only three prospective studies with follow-up length of 3 weeks (Steptoe et al 2012), 12 to 18 months (Ormstad et al 2012), and 2 years (Hamer and Molloy 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Future Depressive Symptoms in Women

Lee

Nadimpalli²,

Yoon

et al. 2017

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Insufficient hemoglobin and depression share several symptoms and often occur in the same patients. Here, we sought to clarify their relationship by investigating two indices of oxygenation at the tissue level: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and hemoglobin level. We hypothesized that MCHC would be more informative than hemoglobin levels. This prospective, longitudinal, community-based study included 337 participants (108 men and 229 women; age range, 38-87 years) who received evaluations of MCHC, hemoglobin levels and depressive symptom scores (DSS) during baseline and follow-up examinations, which were performed in 2008-2011 and 2010-2012, respectively. MCHC and hemoglobin levels were measured as part of complete blood counts, while DSS was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory. Associations were analyzed using linear regression. We found a statistically significant association between baseline MCHC and follow-up DSS (β = −0.69, p = 0.026), which remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounders (β = −0.71, p = 0.011). Further, when we analyzed the relationship separately for men and women, we observed that it remained stable for women before (β = −1.00, p = 0.014) and after (β = −1.09, p = 0.003) adjusting for confounders. The stable association indicates that MCHC may be superior to hemoglobin level as a prognostic factor for future depressive symptoms in women. MCHC is easy to measure and low MCHC is usually treatable. Therefore, screening and intervention efforts could be targeted at women with low MCHC, who appear to have elevated risks of developing depressive symptoms.

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Reduced number of red blood cells, lowered hematocrit and hemoglobin, and increased number of reticulocytes in major depression as indicators of activation of the inflammatory response system: effects of antidepressant drugs

Vandoolaeghe¹,

Vos²,

Demedts³

et al. 1999

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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There is some evidence that major depression is characterized by an activation of the in¯ammatory response system (IRS). Activation of the IRS and major depression are accompanied by changes in the erythron, such as a lowered number of red blood cells (RBC), lowered hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb). The purpose of this study was to examine hematological variables in 32 healthy volunteers and in 47 major depressed patients, both before and after treatment with serotonergic antidepressants. Major depressed subjects had a signi®cantly lower number of RBC, lower Hct and Hb than normal volunteers. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and MC Hb (MCHb) were not signi®cantly dierent between major depressed subjects and normal controls. Major depressed patients had a signi®cantly greater RBC distribution width (RDW), and a signi®cantly increased number of reticulocytes than healthy volunteers. The number of neutrophils and, consequently the number of leukocytes, was signi®cantly higher in major depressed subjects than in normal controls. There were signi®cant and positive correlations between the number of reticulocytes and number of leukocytes and neutrophils. There was no signi®cant eect of a 5-week treatment with serotonergic antidepressive drugs on the above haematological variables.

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Alterations in iron metabolism and the erythron in major depression: Further evidence for a chronic inflammatory process

Cited by 76 publications

References 39 publications

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Association between Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Future Depressive Symptoms in Women

Reduced number of red blood cells, lowered hematocrit and hemoglobin, and increased number of reticulocytes in major depression as indicators of activation of the inflammatory response system: effects of antidepressant drugs

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