Alteration und die Rolle von Fluiden beim Absatz von Ni, Cu und Platingruppen-Elementen im Kontakt des Sudbury KOmplexes, Onaping-Levack-Gebiet, Ontario

Farrow, Catharine E. G.; Watkinson, David H.

doi:10.1007/bf01160703

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Examples of mineralogical alteration range from craters as small as the 4 km Kärdla crater (Versh et al 2005) to large impact basins such as Chicxulub (~180 km in diameter) (Kring and Boynton 1992;Ames et al 2004;Hecht et al 2004;Zurcher and Kring 2004) and Sudbury (150 to 250 km in diameter) (Farrow and Watkinson 1992;Ames et al 1998). Hydrothermal alteration is often found in the central uplifts (e.g., Naumov 2002), or, for large craters such as Chicxulub and Sudbury, in the permeable breccias on top of melt sheets (e.g., Ames et al 1998).…”

Section: Impact-induced Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of impact‐induced hydrothermal activity at the Chicxulub crater

Abramov

Kring

2007

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

104

112

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Abstract-Large impact events like the one that formed the Chicxulub crater deliver significant amounts of heat that subsequently drive hydrothermal activity. We report on numerical modeling of Chicxulub crater cooling with and without the presence of water. The model inputs are constrained by data from borehole samples and seismic, magnetic, and gravity surveys. Model results indicate that initial hydrothermal activity was concentrated beneath the annular trough as well as in the permeable breccias overlying the melt. As the system evolved, the melt gradually cooled and became permeable, shifting the bulk of the hydrothermal activity to the center of the crater. The temperatures and fluxes of fluid and vapor derived from the model are consistent with alteration patterns observed in the available borehole samples. The lifetime of the hydrothermal system ranges from 1.5 to 2.3 Myr depending on assumed permeability. The long lifetimes are due to conduction being the dominant mechanism of heat transport in most of the crater, and significant amounts of heat being delivered to the near-surface by hydrothermal upwellings. The long duration of the hydrothermal system at Chicxulub should have provided ample time for colonization by thermophiles and/or hyperthermophiles. Because habitable conditions should have persisted for longer time in the central regions of the crater than on the periphery, a search for prospective biomarkers is most likely to be fruitful in samples from that region.

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Section: Impact-induced Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of impact‐induced hydrothermal activity at the Chicxulub crater

Abramov

Kring

2007

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

104

112

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“…Chlorite in association with tsumoite suggests their temperature of formation was around 250°C. This is also confirmed from the presence of Pd-Pt bismuthotellurides that are considered to be characteristic of low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization, similar to those of the New Rambler mine, Wyoming [61]; the Bucko Lake intrusion, Thompson Belt, Manitoba [62]; the Sudbury area [52], and Eastern Desert, Egypt [1]. The PGM-tsumoite association is interpreted as products of precipitation of PGE from hydrothermal solutions of decreasing temperature after the peak of metamorphism in the GMC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The exsolution of PGM from MSS generally takes place at high temperatures > 650°C [7]; however, it can also persist to low temperatures (~100°C) [51]. High temperature, in [1,52,53]. PGM and tsumoite crystallization are mainly controlled by cooling rate and local changes in fTe 2 -fS 2 [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsumoite (BiTe) and associated Ni-PGE mineralization from Gondpipri mafic-ultramafic complex, Bastar Craton, Central India: mineralogy and genetic significance

et al. 2014

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This paper reports the occurrence of Tsumoite (a bismuth telluride) in the Heti Cu-Ni-PGM prospect, Gondpipri mafic-ultramafic complex, Central India. The Gondpipri complex consists of several tectonically dismembered gabbronorite-gabbro-anorthositic gabbro -olivine gabbro -websterite disposed in~10 km long tonalite-trondhjemitegranodiorite (TTG) and charnockite-enderbite suite of rocks. The mineralization occurs in the sulphide zone hosted by gabbro variants. The host rocks have been deformed and metamorphosed to granulite grade and subjected to various degrees of hydrothermal alteration. The mineralization comprises chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, cubanite, millerite, and pyrite. In addition to these, occur (1) tsumoite (2) PGM in the form of moncheite, merenskyite, Pd-mellonite, and Pt-Pd-Te-Bi-Fe-S alloy. The present study indicates that the mineralization occurs in two stages related to: (i) magmatic and (ii) hydrothermal remobilization and transport of Cu-rich sulphides, tsumoite and PGM, and their re-deposition in hydrosilicate alteration zones. It is possible that the mineralization at Heti formed at different stages of bismuth activity under variable fS 2 , T, and fTe 2 conditions due to change in total concentration of Te and S and /or cooling. Since the role of S is limited, Te and cooling are important factor influencing mineralogy and composition of tsumoite and associated mineralization. Mineralization occurs in two different modes of occurrences. The early mineralisation occur as blebs, specks and dissemination of sulphides, viz. pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite and minor pyrite ± PGM, whereas later mineralisation occur as stringers, minor veins of sulphides viz. pyrite, millerite, cubanite, sijenite, tsumoite and ± PGM. Mineral assemblages and textural relationships at Heti has indicated precipitation of tsumoite and associated PGM along fractures and secondary silicates, which confirms their hydrothermal origin.

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“…The PGEs in these zones correlate with the presence of these trace metals and the occurrence of halogen phases. Similar chlorine-bearing silicates and nonsilicates (e.g., iron chlorides), as well as high-salinity fluid inclusions, have been recognized in other Sudbury Ni-Cu deposits (Springer, 1989;Li and Naldrett, 1993;Farrow and Watkinson, 1992). Jago et al (1994) support the suggestions of Li and Naldrett (1993) that halogen-rich fluids were exsolved from a highly fractionated sulfide melt as it approached the solidus to produce these late-stage hydrothermal minerals and precipitates in the microfractures.…”

Section: S a Hauck And Othersmentioning

confidence: 97%

An overview of the geology and oxide, sulfide, and platinum-group element mineralization along the western and northern contacts of the Duluth Complex

Hauck¹,

Severson²,

Zanko³

et al. 1997

Middle Proterozoic to Cambrian Rifting, Central North America

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Sulfide and oxide mineralization occurs along the western and northern footwall contacts of the 1.1-Ga Duluth Complex (Complex) in northeastern Minnesota, which was emplaced during the formation of the Midcontinent Rift System. Platinum-group element mineralization is known to occur only along the western contact. The Duluth Complex is composed of troctolitic, gabbroic, and anorthositic rocks that form a series of individual intrusions that make up the Complex. These were emplaced into footwall rocks of Archean granite-greenstone terranes and Lower Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks (Biwabik and Gunflint Iron-Formations; Rove, Virginia, and Thomson Formations) and into the penecontemporaneous North Shore Volcanic Group basalts, which form the hanging wall, and, in some areas, the footwall. Development of riftrelated structures, both extensional and contractional, affected development of mineralization. Structural discontinuities provided conduits for emplacement of late-stage granophyric and pegmatitic iron-rich ultramafic rocks. Faults and folds were responsible for localizing massive sulfide mineralization, as well as, for providing conduits for later syn-to post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids.On the northern margin of the Complex, 81.6 million tons of low-grade titaniferous magnetite ore (approximately 12 to 14% TiO 2 ) occur in 14 bodies that range in size from 1 to 19 million tons. Oxide mineralization along the western contact contains 245 million tons of ≥10% TiO 2 . These include the Wyman Creek area, Longnose, Longear, and Section 17 bodies of the Partridge River Intrusion, and the Water Hen Intrusion of the southern Duluth Complex. Overall three types of oxide mineralization occur in the Duluth Complex: (1) oxide-rich metasedimentary inclusions in mafic or ultramafic rocks that exhibit metasedimentary textures and/or can be traced laterally into footwall iron-formation; (2) banded or layered oxide segregations that include cumulus oxide-rich horizons; and (3) late discordant oxide-bearing ultra-

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Alteration und die Rolle von Fluiden beim Absatz von Ni, Cu und Platingruppen-Elementen im Kontakt des Sudbury KOmplexes, Onaping-Levack-Gebiet, Ontario

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Numerical modeling of impact‐induced hydrothermal activity at the Chicxulub crater

Numerical modeling of impact‐induced hydrothermal activity at the Chicxulub crater

Tsumoite (BiTe) and associated Ni-PGE mineralization from Gondpipri mafic-ultramafic complex, Bastar Craton, Central India: mineralogy and genetic significance

An overview of the geology and oxide, sulfide, and platinum-group element mineralization along the western and northern contacts of the Duluth Complex

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