Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus possesses neuroprotective effects on H2O2 stimulated PC12 cells via regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling Pathway

Abstract

Backgroud: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative disease, which occurs in the elderly population. Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has potential therapeutic effect on AD, but the mechanism behind it is unclear.Methods: Firstly, the main chemical components of AOF were identified by LC-MS, while the main active ingredients and targets were screened by TCMSP database. At the same time, AD-related target proteins were obtained using Genecards and OMIM databases. PPI was constructed by cross-linking AOF and AD targets, and GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to identify the relevant biological processes and signaling pathways. Finally, based on the H2O2-stimulated PC12 cell, flow cytometry, WB and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to verify the protective effect of AOF on AD.Results: We identified 38 active ingredients with 662 non-repetitive targets in AOF, of which 49 were potential therapeutic AD targets of AOF. According to the GO and KEGG analysis, these potential targets are mainly related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The role of AOF in the treatment of AD is mainly related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Protocatechuic acid and nootkatone might be the main active ingredients of AOF. In subsequent experiments, the results of CCK-8 showed that AOF mitigated PC12 cell damage induced by H2O2. Kits, flow cytometry, and laser confocal microscopy indicated that AOF could decrease ROS and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while AOF could also increase mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), thereby inhibiting apoptosis. Finally, immunofluorescence and WB results showed that AOF inhibited the expression of BAX and caspase-3 in PC12 cells, and promoted the expression of Bcl-2. At the same time, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt proteins were also significantly increased.Conclusion: This study suggests that AOF had the potential to treat AD by suppressing apoptosis induced by oxidative stress via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus improves production performance and egg quality of laying breeder hens by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant function, immunity and intestinal health

“…The results showed that dietary AOP supplemented with 3 g/kg decreased the concentration of Caspase 8 in serum, decreased the expression of Bax and Caspase3, and increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in ovary. Research indicated that Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus ( AOF ) decreased H 2 O 2 -induced damage to PC12 cells by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating Bax and caspase-3 expression in PC12 cells ( Li et al, 2022 ). Based on these findings, it's plausible that AOP might modulate apoptosis in laying breeder hens.…”

Restoration of CD4+ T Cells during NAFLD without Modulation of the Hepatic Immunological Pattern Is Not Sufficient to Prevent HCC

“…Here, we demonstrated that an LRP-1 agonistic peptide, SP16, which inhibits ROS production, prevented NAFLD-induced depletion of CD4 + T cells in the liver and spleen [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. However, such restoration of CD4 + T cells, without modulating the inflammatory immunological patterns in the liver, was not sufficient to overcome HCC development.…”

Integrated untargeted and targeted metabolomics to reveal therapeutic effect and mechanism of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus on Alzheimer’s disease in APP/PS1 mice

“…Has a long history of application in traditional clinical Chinese medicine ( Yang et al, 2020 ). In traditional medicine, AOF has been widely utilized for treatment of emesis, diarrhea, frequent urination, spermatorrhea and so on ( Li R. et al, 2022 ). Modern pharmacological research manifested that AOF had anti-oxidant ( Bian et al, 2013 ), anti-inflammatory ( Qi et al, 2019 ), neuroprotective ( Liu et al, 2020 ), anti-AD ( Bian et al, 2021 ), and other effects.…”