Alpha-Tomatin against Witches’ Broom  Disease

Various pathogenic microorganisms affect plants. However, most diseases are caused by fungi, which have an enormous reproductive capacity and possess metabolic mechanisms capable to develop resistance to commercial fungicides. Fungi produce mycotoxins on crops and this represents a considerable risk to human and animal health. The most important genera of phytopathogenic fungi of the American continent are: Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Penicillium and Pythium, among others. Different strategies have been used for phytopatogenic fungi control, mainly by using synthetic fungicides. Currently, a great deal of attention has been paid towards exploitation of higher plant products as an innovative alternative in crops protection. The use of plant derived natural products has many advantages, such as little or no harmful side effects, rare cases of resistance, long-term control and completely or substantially eliminates the use of synthetic fungicides. Several plants belonging to the Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Papilionacea, Poaceae, Verbenaceae, families, have showed fungicide potential. Therefore, this review addresses occurrence of the most important phytopatogenic fungi and the current state of research regarding the potential of vegetable biodiversity in the development of plant derived natural products for the management of these pathogens in the American continent.

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The toxic effect of α-tomatine on the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Ermak,

Matsishina,

Sobko

et al. 2023

1727-1320

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Glycoalcoloids of plant origin serve as teratogens, causing various teratoses and abnormalities of insect development. Our previous studies discovered dependence of developmental defects in the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata upon its feeding on certain potato varieties. The present study was undertaken to study the toxic effect of α-tomatine against the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle. Tomatine was chosen as a model glycoalkaloid. Potato leaves were treated with tomatine solutions in different concentrations. Control leaves were treated with distilled water. Ten first-instar larvae were placed in a Petri dish with treated leaves. The effect of tomatine on H. vigintioctomaculata was assessed by appearance of morphological abnormalities in the adults. As a result, a confident direct correlation between the tomatine concentration and the developmental defect frequency was found. Brachelytry and cystelytry were the main anomaly types. When the stock 6 % solution was used, insect mortality was the highest, reaching 70 %. The highest level of teratoses (60 %) among survived insects and relatively high mortality (27 %) were observed in insects treated with 0.6 % solutions of tomatine. As the tomatine concentration decreased, so did the mortality level and developmental defect frequency. At 0.06 % solution treatement, mortality was 17 % and quote of teratoses – 47 %, at 0.006 % – 16.6 % and 6.8 %; at 0.0006 % – 3.3 % and 3.4 %, respectively. Thus, tomatine can be used as an insecticidal compound for potato cultivation.

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Alpha-Tomatin against Witches’ Broom Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Achieving sustainable cultivation of cocoa

Achieving sustainable cultivation of cocoa

Plant-Derived Natural Products From the American Continent for the Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Review

The toxic effect of α-tomatine on the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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