Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects

Ramadan, Khaled M. A.; Alharbi, Maha Mohammed; Alenzi, Asma Massad; El-Beltagi, Hossam S.; Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin; Aldaej, Mohammed I.; Shalaby, Tarek; Mansour, Abdallah Tageldein; El–Gabry, Yasser Abd El–Gawad; Ibrahim, Mohamed

doi:10.3390/plants11060787

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Under salinity stress, several changes in the content of Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids can be observed [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 48 ]. In this study, salt-stressed plants revealed a significant decrease in Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This area is expected to increase with frequent climate changes, increasing human activities, and freshwater limitations [ 5 , 6 ]. Salinity can induce different molecular, physiological, and biochemical malformations [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. It inhibits plant growth and development by affecting plant water relations, cell turgor pressure, and disturbing plant growth regulators, restricting cell division and enlargement [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, salinity stress disintegrates the cell membrane and disturbs ion homeostasis, leading to variations in cell ultrastructure and imbalances in nutrient uptake [ 9 , 13 ]. Several papers have indicated that salinity stress induced oxidative damage at the cellular level due to the excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different plant species [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Folic Acid Confers Tolerance against Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damages in Snap Beans through Regulation Growth, Metabolites, Antioxidant Machinery and Gene Expression

Alsamadany

Mansour

Elkelish

et al. 2022

Plants

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Although the effect of folic acid (FA) and its derivatives (folates) have been extensively studied in humans and animals, their effects are still unclear in most plant species, specifically under various abiotic stress conditions. Here, the impact of FA as a foliar application at 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mM was studied on snap bean seedlings grown under non-saline and salinity stress (50 mM NaCl) conditions. The results indicated that under salinity stress, FA-treated plants revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in growth parameters (fresh and dry weight of shoot and root). A similar trend was observed in chlorophyll (Chl b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, free amino acids (FAA), soluble sugars, cell membrane stability index (CMSI), and K, Ca, and K/Na ratio compared to the untreated plants. In contrast, a significant decrease was observed in Na and salinity-induced oxidative damage as indicated by reduced H2O2 production (using biochemical and histochemical detection methods) and rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA). This enhancement was correlated by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Gene expression analyses conducted using qRT-PCR demonstrated that genes coding for the Na+/H+ antiporter protein Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1), the tonoplast-localized Na+/H+ antiporter protein (NHX1), and the multifunctional osmotic protective protein (Osmotin) were significantly up-regulated in the FA-treated plants under both saline and non-saline treatments. Generally, treatment with 0.2 mM FA was more potent than 0.1 mM and can be recommended to improve snap bean tolerance to salinity stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Folic Acid Confers Tolerance against Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damages in Snap Beans through Regulation Growth, Metabolites, Antioxidant Machinery and Gene Expression

Alsamadany

Mansour

Elkelish

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Sodic-alkaline stress is considered one of the greatest environmental threats to the agricultural sector and the achievement food security worldwide. It causes two risk factors at the same time: salinity and alkalinity [5,6], and can negatively affect respiratory metabolism, antioxidant systems, nutritional status, and organic acid metabolism [2]. Furthermore, sodic-alkaline stress has harmful impacts on the cell-membrane stability index, plant-water relations, photosynthetic pigments, and a wide array of physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Reinforces Maize Tolerance to Sodic-Alkaline Stress through Modulation of Growth, Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

Aljuaid

Bhatla

Sayed

et al. 2022

Life

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The mechanism by which folic acid (FA) or its derivatives (folates) mediates plant tolerance to sodic-alkaline stress has not been clarified in previous literature. To apply sodic-alkaline stress, maize seedlings were irrigated with 50 mM of a combined solution (1:1) of sodic-alkaline salts (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3; pH 9.7). Maize seedlings under stressed and non-stressed conditions were sprayed with folic acid (FA) at 0 (distilled water as control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM. Under sodic-alkaline stress, FA applied at 0.2 mM significantly improved shoot fresh weight (95%), chlorophyll (Chl a (41%), Chl b (57%), and total Chl (42%)), and carotenoids (27%) compared to the untreated plants, while root fresh weight was not affected compared to the untreated plants. This improvement was associated with a significant enhancement in the cell-membrane stability index (CMSI), relative water content (RWC), free amino acids (FAA), proline, soluble sugars, K, and Ca. In contrast, Na, Na/K ratio, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and methylglycoxal (MG) were significantly decreased. Moreover, seedlings treated with FA demonstrated significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to the untreated plants. The molecular studies using RT-qPCR demonstrated that FA treatments, specifically at 0.2 mM, enhanced the K+/Na+ selectivity and the performance of photosynthesis under alkaline-stress conditions. These responses were observed through up-regulation of the expression of the high-affinity potassium-transporter protein (ZmHKT1), the major core protein of photosystem II (D2-Protein), and the activity of the first enzyme of carbon fixation cycle in C4 plants (PEP-case) by 74, 248, and 225% over the untreated plants, respectively. Conversely, there was a significant down-regulation in the expression ZmSOS1 and ZmNHX1 by 48.2 and 27.8%, respectively, compared to the untreated plants.

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“…Plants have developed different mechanisms to resist salt stress [ 8 ]. These mechanisms may be grouped into three categories: net exclusion of toxic ions from the shoot; tissue tolerance, by compartmentalization of Na+ ions in parts of the plant to avoid excessive accumulation of toxic ions near metabolic reactions; and shoot ion-independent tolerance, the mechanism that focuses on maintaining growth and water absorption regardless of the level of sodium accumulation in the shoot [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) Using Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid, Yeast, and Zeolite

Babaousmail

Nili

Brik

et al. 2022

Life

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Salinity is among the most limiting factors of crop production worldwide. This study aims to investigate the influence of the exogenous application of zeolite, yeast, and salicylic acid in alleviating the negative effect of salt stress under field conditions. Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Batavia) were tested in a split-plot arrangement replicated three times. The salt stress was applied as a whole-plot factor in the concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM NaCl). After 28 days of sowing, the plants were sprayed twice during the foliage growth with (control, salicylic acid 0.02%, yeast extract 3%, and zeolite 0.5%) as a split-plot factor. The length of roots and shoots, the number and area of leaves, and the biomass accumulation (dry and fresh weights) were measured 50 days after sowing. The concentrations of total soluble sugars, proline, Chlorophylls a and b in leaves have also been quantified. Salt stress significantly reduced the growth and the total chlorophyll of the lettuce plants (p < 0.05) and increased their proline and sugar contents’. Zeolite application improved the growth of lettuce at 0 and 50 mM NaCl, but at the highest salinity level only the number of leaves was improved by 15%. At a mild salinity stress, the application of salicylic acid has significantly (p < 0.05) increased the root length, height of plant, chlorophyll, and proline contents. Regarding the high stress levels (100 and 150 mM NaCl), yeast application showed the best tolerance to salinity stress by improving significantly most of the growth parameters (p < 0.05) but with lower proline, sugar, and chlorophyll contents. In general, foliar spray of yeast extract may offer a good alternative source of nutrients through leaves, leading to a better tolerance of the high salt stress exerted on roots.

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Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Folic Acid Confers Tolerance against Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damages in Snap Beans through Regulation Growth, Metabolites, Antioxidant Machinery and Gene Expression

Folic Acid Confers Tolerance against Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damages in Snap Beans through Regulation Growth, Metabolites, Antioxidant Machinery and Gene Expression

Folic Acid Reinforces Maize Tolerance to Sodic-Alkaline Stress through Modulation of Growth, Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

Improving the Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) Using Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid, Yeast, and Zeolite

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