Allophagy

Rawi, Sara Al; Louvet-Vallée, Sophie; Djeddi, Abderazak; Sachse, Martin; Culetto, Emmanuel; Hajjar, Connie; Boyd, Lynn; Legouis, Renaud; Galy, Vincent

doi:10.4161/auto.19242

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…However, in recent years different selective forms of autophagy have been identified and characterized, leading to the specific degradation of organelles or pathogens. These selective pathways include the autophagic degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisomes (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosomes (ribophagy), protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy), or intracellular pathogens (xenophagy) [ 11 – 14 ].…”

Section: Types Of Autophagy and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy signal transduction by ATG proteins: from hierarchies to networks

Wesselborg

Stork

2015

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

193

157

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Autophagy represents an intracellular degradation process which is involved in both cellular homeostasis and disease settings. In the last two decades, the molecular machinery governing this process has been characterized in detail. To date, several key factors regulating this intracellular degradation process have been identified. The so-called autophagy-related (ATG) genes and proteins are central to this process. However, several additional molecules contribute to the outcome of an autophagic response. Several review articles describing the molecular process of autophagy have been published in the recent past. In this review article we would like to add the most recent findings to this knowledge, and to give an overview of the network character of the autophagy signaling machinery.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2034-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Types Of Autophagy and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy signal transduction by ATG proteins: from hierarchies to networks

Wesselborg

Stork

2015

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

193

157

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“…Degradation of organelles is a common feature for UPI in eukaryotes (1). For example, recent findings in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans establish the degradation of sperm mitochondria by induction of autophagy (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Determination Directs Uniparental Mitochondrial Inheritance in Phycomyces

Shakya

Idnurm

2014

Eukaryot Cell

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Uniparental inheritance (UPI) of mitochondria is common among eukaryotes. The underlying molecular basis by which the sexes of the parents control this non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance is yet to be fully understood. Two major factors have complicated the understanding of the role of sex-specific genes in the UPI phenomenon: in many cases (i) fusion occurs between cells of unequal size or (ii) mating requires a large region of the genome or chromosome that includes genes unrelated to sex determination. The fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus is a member of the Mucoromycotina and has a simple mating type locus encoding only one high-mobility group (HMG) domain protein, and mating occurs by fusion of isogamous cells, thus providing a model system without the limitations mentioned above. Analysis of more than 250 progeny from a series of genetic crosses between wild-type strains of Phycomyces revealed a correlation between the individual genes in the mating type locus and UPI of mitochondria. Inheritance is from the plus (؉) sex type and is associated with degradation of the mtDNA from the minus (؊) parent. These findings suggest that UPI can be directly controlled by genes that determine sex identity, independent of cell size or the complexity of the genetic composition of a sex chromosome.

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“…Conversely, autophagy is the primary mechanism for the removal of paternal mitochondria in C. elegans embryos (Al Rawi et al, 2011;Sato & Sato, 2011;Zhou et al, 2011). Lysosomes also participate in the degradation of paternal mitochondria (Sutovsky et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediately after fertilization, spermatozoonderived components trigger autophagy in the vicinity of spermatozoon mitochondria in C. elegans. Al Rawi et al (2011) also demonstrated that mouse fertilization induces recruitment of LC3 to the spermatozoon midpiece, indicating that autophagy of paternal mitochondria may be conserved in mammals. Recently, by using two transgenic mouse strains, one bearing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled autophagosomes and the other bearing red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labelled mitochondria, suggested that autophagy is not responsible for the degradation of spermatozoon mitochondria and mtDNA in the mouse embryo after fertilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Autophagy and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis may not be involved in the degradation of spermatozoon mitochondria in mouse and porcine early embryos

Jin

Zheng

et al. 2014

Zygote

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The mitochondrial genome is maternally inherited in animals, despite the fact that paternal mitochondria enter oocytes during fertilization. Autophagy and ubiquitin-mediated degradation are responsible for the elimination of paternal mitochondria in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the involvement of these two processes in the degradation of paternal mitochondria in mammals is not well understood. We investigated the localization patterns of light chain 3 (LC3) and ubiquitin in mouse and porcine embryos during preimplantation development. We found that LC3 and ubiquitin localized to the spermatozoon midpiece at 3 h post-fertilization, and that both proteins were colocalized with paternal mitochondria and removed upon fertilization during the 4-cell stage in mouse and the zygote stage in porcine embryos. Sporadic paternal mitochondria were present beyond the morula stage in the mouse, and paternal mitochondria were restricted to one blastomere of 4-cell embryos. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), did not affect the distribution of paternal mitochondria compared with the positive control, while an autophagy inducer, rapamycin, accelerated the removal of paternal mitochondria compared with the control. After the intracytoplasmic injection of intact spermatozoon into mouse oocytes, LC3 and ubiquitin localized to the spermatozoon midpiece, but remnants of undegraded paternal mitochondria were retained until the blastocyst stage. Our results show that paternal mitochondria colocalize with autophagy receptors and ubiquitin and are removed after in vitro fertilization, but some remnants of sperm mitochondrial sheath may persist up to morula stage after intracytoplasmic spermatozoon injection (ICSI).

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Allophagy

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Autophagy signal transduction by ATG proteins: from hierarchies to networks

Autophagy signal transduction by ATG proteins: from hierarchies to networks

Sex Determination Directs Uniparental Mitochondrial Inheritance in Phycomyces

Autophagy and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis may not be involved in the degradation of spermatozoon mitochondria in mouse and porcine early embryos

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