Allergy and occupational exposure to hydroquinone and to methionine.

Choudat, D.; Neukirch, Françoise; Brochard, Patricia; Barrat, G; Marsac, J; Conso, F.; Philbert, Marion

doi:10.1136/oem.45.6.376

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Choudat and co-workers 338 reported an increase in respiratory symptoms (i.e., cough in a smoky atmosphere and hay fever) in workers exposed by inhalation to a combination of HQ, trimethyl-HQ, and retinene-HQ (relative and absolute concentrations of each compound not specified). Decreased pulmonary function test results (i.e., decreased forced expiratory volume and vital capacity) and elevated serum IgG were reported.…”

Section: A Systemic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Toxicology of Hydroquinone — Relevance to Occupational and Environmental Exposure

DeCaprio¹

1999

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

174

128

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Hydroquinone (HQ) is a high-volume commodity chemical used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, and chemical intermediate. It is also used in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs as an ingredient in skin lighteners and is a natural ingredient in many plant-derived products, including vegetables, fruits, grains, coffee, tea, beer, and wine. While there are few reports of adverse health effects associated with the production and use of HQ, a great deal of research has been conducted with HQ because it is a metabolite of benzene. Physicochemical differences between HQ and benzene play a significant role in altering the pharmacokinetics of directly administered when compared with benzene-derived HQ. HQ is only weakly positive in in vivo chromosomal assays when expected human exposure routes are used. Chromosomal effects are increased significantly when parenteral or in vitro assays are used. In cancer bioassays, HQ has reproducibly produced renal adenomas in male F344 rats. The mechanism of tumorigenesis is unclear but probably involves a species-, strain-, and sex-specific interaction between renal tubule toxicity and an interaction with the chronic progressive nephropathy that is characteristic of aged male rats. Mouse liver tumors (adenomas) and mononuclear cell leukemia (female F344 rat) have also been reported following HQ exposure, but their significance is uncertain. Various tumor initiation/promotion assays with HQ have shown generally negative results. Epidemiological studies with HQ have demonstrated lower death rates and reduced cancer rates in production workers when compared with both general and employed referent populations. Parenteral administration of HQ is associated with changes in several hematopoietic and immunologic endpoints. This toxicity is more severe when combined with parenteral administration of phenol. It is likely that oxidation of HQ within the bone marrow compartment to the semiquinone or p-benzoquinone (BQ), followed by covalent macromolecular binding, is critical to these effects. Bone marrow and hematologic effects are generally not characteristic of HQ exposures in animal studies employing routes of exposure other than parenteral. Myelotoxicity is also not associated with human exposure to HQ. These differences are likely due to significant route-dependent toxicokinetic factors. Fetotoxicity (growth retardation) accompanies repeated administration of HQ at maternally toxic dose levels in animal studies. HQ exposure has not been associated with other reproductive and developmental effects using current USEPA test guidelines. The skin pigment lightening properties of HQ appear to be due to inhibition of melanocyte tyrosinase. Adverse effects associated with OTC use of HQ in FDA-regulated products have been limited to a small number of cases of exogenous ochronosis, although higher incidences of this syndrome have been reported with inappropriate use of unregulated OTC products containing higher HQ concentrations. The most serious human health effect related to HQ is p...

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Section: A Systemic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Toxicology of Hydroquinone — Relevance to Occupational and Environmental Exposure

DeCaprio¹

1999

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

174

128

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“…A study on occupational exposure of hydroquinone showed that subjects exposed to hydroquinone had a higher prevalence of cough and decreased lung capacity compared to their unexposed counterparts 41 .…”

Section: Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Toxic Chemicals in Cosmetics

Petrić

2021

Preprint

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Aim of this article is to review the literature about toxic chemicals in cosmetics, to emphasize the importance of toxicological research in cosmetology and to support the campaign for safe cosmetics. There is a need for the establishment of higher standards in cosmetology in a way of raising awareness about toxic chemicals that should be avoided, promoting safer cosmetics and transforming cosmetic industry into safe and non-toxic.

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Mortality study of employees engaged in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone

Pifer

Hearne

Swanson

et al. 1995

Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath

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Mortality in a 1942-1990 cohort of 858 men and 21 women employed in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone was evaluated through 1991. Average exposure concentrations, 1949-1990, ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 mg/m3 for hydroquinone dust and from less than 0.1 to 0.3 for quinone vapor (estimated 8-h time-weighted averages). Compared with general population and occupational referents, there were statistically significant deficits in total mortality and deaths due to cancer. No significant excesses were observed for such hypothesized causes as kidney cancer [2 observed vs 1.3 expected (both control groups), P approximately 0.39], liver cancer (0 vs 0.8, 1.3), and leukemia (0 vs 2.3, 2.7). Dose-response analyses of selected causes of death, including renal carcinoma, demonstrated no statistically significant heterogeneities or linear trends according to estimated career hydroquinone exposure (mg/m3-years) or time from first exposure.

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Allergy and occupational exposure to hydroquinone and to methionine.

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

The Toxicology of Hydroquinone — Relevance to Occupational and Environmental Exposure

The Toxicology of Hydroquinone — Relevance to Occupational and Environmental Exposure

Review of Toxic Chemicals in Cosmetics

Mortality study of employees engaged in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone

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