Allelic reduction and genetic shift in the Canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released from 1845 to 2004

Fu, Yong‐Bi; Peterson, Gregory W.; Richards, K. W.; Somers, D.; DePauw, R. M.; Clarke, J. M.

doi:10.1007/s00122-005-1988-6

Cited by 74 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…About 15 individual samples for each population of emmer wheat or wild barley in either sampling period were randomly selected. Young leaf tissues were collected for DNA extraction and quantification as described previously (30). SSR analysis (18) was performed using 32 wheat and 29 barley SSR primer pairs (SI Appendix, Table S3), as described previously (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of wild cereals during 28 years of global warming in Israel

Nevo

Pavlı́ček

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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190

191

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Climate change is a major environmental stress threatening biodiversity and human civilization. The best hope to secure staple food for humans and animal feed by future crop improvement depends on wild progenitors. We examined 10 wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.) populations and 10 wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch) populations in Israel, sampling them in 1980 and again in 2008, and performed phenotypic and genotypic analyses on the collected samples. We witnessed the profound adaptive changes of these wild cereals in Israel over the last 28 y in flowering time and simple sequence repeat allelic turnover. The revealed evolutionary changes imply unrealized risks present in genetic resources for crop improvement and human food production.climate warming | phenotypic and genotypic diversity | plant genetic resources I n recent decades there have been increasing concerns about the future of food production influenced by climate change (1-7) to feed a fast growing world population reaching 9-10 billion by 2050 (8). Aridization has alarmingly increased in summer, resulting in dry regions of wheat growing areas, particularly in the Americas, Asia, and Africa, and in the area of origin and diversity of wild emmer wheat in the Near East (9). Cultivated wheat, the number one world food staple, is genetically impoverished by long-term selective breeding (10). The wild progenitors of cultivated cereals, especially wild emmer wheat Triticum dicoccoides Koern. (TD) (9) and wild barley Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch (HS) (11), have become eroded by urbanization and agriculture (12). Both progenitors are rich in genetic resources adapted to abiotic (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, drought, and mineral poverty) and biotic (e.g., pathogens and parasites) stresses. These progenitors are the best genetic hope for improving genetically impoverished cultivars for human food production (9-17). Thus, it is crucial to evaluate the evolutionary adaptation in natural populations of the progenitors under climate change and to understand the hidden risk in human food security. Here we examined 10 TD populations and 10 HS populations in Israel from 1980 and again in 2008 and performed phenotypic and genotypic analyses on the collected samples. We witnessed the profound adaptive changes of these wild cereals in Israel over the last 28 y in flowering time (FT) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) allelic turnover. ResultsPhenotypic Analysis. In a greenhouse experiment, we compared the time from germination until flowering of ∼800 genotypes in 20 natural populations from different habitats and climates that were subjected to 28 y of climate change. The sampled populations (16, 17) were distributed across 350 km of their Israeli range (SI Appendix, Fig. S1 and Table S1). A total of 57 independent pair-wise comparisons were made under dry (300 mm) and wet (600 mm) irrigation regimes. Dramatically, in all TD and HS populations, without exception, the 2008 populations reached FT earlier than those collected in 1980 (Sign test, P < 1...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of wild cereals during 28 years of global warming in Israel

Nevo

Pavlı́ček

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

190

191

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“…The coefficient of parentage, or degree of relatedness, among a sample of CWRS cultivars was higher from the 1970s to the 1990s (0.58) than from the 1940s to the 1970s (0.31) or prior to 1941 (0.18) (van Beuningen and Busch 1997). There was also a general increase in the degree of genetic similarity between CWRS cultivars from the period from 1910 to 2004 for microsatellite markers derived from either genomic DNA sequence (Fu et al 2005) or expressed sequence tags (Fu et al 2006).…”

Section: Canada Western Red Spring Wheat (Cwrs)mentioning

confidence: 97%

A review of wheat cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies

McCallum¹,

DePauw²

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

115

104

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Wheat is Canada's largest crop with most of the production in the western Canadian prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Since wheat production started in western Canada, over 100 yr ago, market classes of hexaploid spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the dominant type of wheat, although production of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.)] has grown significantly over this period, and hexaploid winter wheat was grown on a relatively small portion of the wheat area. Within hexaploid wheat there has been diversification into a number of market classes based on different end-use quality criteria. The predominant spring bread wheat class has been the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. A few cultivars were grown extensively over a long period of time, such as the CWRS wheat Thatcher, which was the dominant cultivar from 1939 to 1968, and Kyle, which was the leading Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) cultivar from 1988 to 2004. Other cultivars dominated particular wheat classes for many years such as Glenlea, Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES) spring wheat and Norstar, Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. The reasons for newer cultivars replacing older cultivars include improvements in grain yield, resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.), and other diseases, resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.), enhanced end-use quality, and other agronomic characteristics such as lodging resistance. Cultivars with improved pest resistance were often rapidly adopted, such as Thatcher and Selkirk, in response to the stem rust epidemics in the 1930s and 1950s, and Rescue and Lillian in response to wheat stem sawfly epidemics in the 1940s and 2000s. Improved grain yield led to the rapid increase of many cultivars including Marquis in the 1910s and 1920s, Neepawa, Wascana and Wakooma in the 1970s, AC Barrie in the 1990s, and Superb in the 2000s. Increased breeding efforts recently have led to many more highly adapted cultivars and subsequently more diverse wheat production. Wheat classes and cultivars in the prairies continue to improve and diversify to meet the challenges of the marketplace and the production concerns of wheat growers. Key words: Rust, fusarium head blight, cereal quality, protein

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“…The loss of genetic diversity due to modern breeding practices has been reported in several studies (Fu et al, 2005). Several authors have shown that the narrowness of crop genetic diversity could lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and pests, as well as the inability of plants to respond to different environmental constraints (Gorji and Zolnoori, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Cameroonian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars revealed by microsatellite markers

Tekeu¹,

Ngonkeu²,

Djocgoué³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The assessment of genetic diversity is a key prerequisite for studying the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and therefore for the selection of new varieties. The present investigation aimed to estimate the levels and genetic structure within bread wheat varieties grown in Cameroon. Thus, genetic diversity was assessed in 17 hexaploid wheat cultivars, using 11 microsatellite markers. Genetic resources were collected in the Northwest, Adamawa and North Regions. All pairs of specific marker loci used gave amplifications with allelic variations of size on all DNA of wheat accessions. A total of 77 alleles were detected among cultivars and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 13 with an average of 7, comparable to those observed in most previous studies. Gene diversity ranged from 0.46 (Xgdm 125) to 0.90 (Xgwm 177) with an average of 0.88, increasing with the number of alleles, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88 (Adamawa) and 0.76 (Northwest). Microsatellite markers used had an average value of polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.69, indicating that these markers are highly informative in this study. These markers are valid and will make a contribution to the studies in hexaploid wheat. Moreover, cluster analysis at a genetic similarity of 80% and the principal component analysis, where the first two components explaining 59.86% of variation which structured 17 accessions in 5 main distinct groups. This high diversity revealed among wheat accessions, grown in Cameroon could be used in the breeding programs.

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Allelic reduction and genetic shift in the Canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released from 1845 to 2004

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Evolution of wild cereals during 28 years of global warming in Israel

Evolution of wild cereals during 28 years of global warming in Israel

A review of wheat cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies

Genetic diversity of Cameroonian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars revealed by microsatellite markers

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