All-solid-state sodium-selective electrode based on a calixarene ionophore in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane with a polypyrrole solid contact

Abstract

Sodium-selective coated wire electrodes (CWE) and solid contact (SC) electrodes have been constructed and Investigated. The CWE Is based on the application of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane Incorporating the sodium-selective Ionophore tetraethyl ester of p-/erf-butylcallx[4]arene onto the surface of a platinum disk. The SC electrode Is based on the use of a conducting polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), doped with NaBF« as the mediating layer between platinum and the same PVC membrane as above. Nernstlan responses have been obtained for both electrodes and comparable selectlvlties to that of a conventional lon-selectlve electrode (ISE) based on the same Ionophore. Impedance measurements of the PPy and PVC layers and potentlometrlc studies of the membranes have been used to Investigate the mechanism of the charge transfer of the systems.

A polypyrrole-based solid-contact Pb2+-selective PVC-membrane electrode with a nanomolar detection limit

“…Similarly, the presence of a redox-active self-assembled monolayer (SAM) between the polymeric membrane and the inner Au electrode also leads to very stable systems [20,21]. In numerous contributions, the metal surface has been covered by conducting polymers (CP) such as polypyrrole (PPy) [22][23][24][25], polyaniline [26], poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) [27][28][29], and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [30,31]. The potential stability of these so-called allsolid-state ISE was, indeed, massively improved but their lower detection limits were usually even less good than for conventional liquid-contact ISE.…”

Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility

“…[18][19][20][21] The role of the SC is to provide a stable inner phase boundary potential 20,22,23 at the substrate/SC and SC/ISM interfaces, and to prevent the aqueous layer formation at the inner interface, which coupled to diffusion of ionic species within the ISM may lead to potential instability. 24 As all ISMs exhibit water uptake [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] , the prevention of the aqueous layer formation 32,33 with ill-defined ion activity has proven to be a major challenge.…”

Highly Selective Molecularly Imprinted Overoxidized Polypyrrole Colloids: One-Step Preparation Technique

“…[4][5][6][7] The polymers such as polyacrylate, polystyrene, and polysilane include one of the most frequently used recognition matrices. 8 The great potentiality of conducting polymers toward a number of applications, such as batteries, 9 sensors [10][11][12] and ionselective electrodes, 13,14 has attracted much attention. Among various conducting polymers, polypyrrole (PPy) has been studied in more detail for the last decade.…”