All Sequential Dip-Coating Processed Perovskite Layers from an Aqueous Lead Precursor for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

A novel, sequential method of dip-coating a ZnO covered mesoporous TiO2 electrode was performed using a non-halide lead precursor in an aqueous system to form a nanoscale perovskite film. The introduction of a ZnO interfacial layer induced significant adsorption in the non-halide lead precursor system. An efficient successive solid-state ion exchange and reaction process improved the morphology, crystallinity, and stability of perovskite solar cells. Improved surface coverage was achieved using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction processes. When all sequential dipping conditions were controlled, a notable power conversion efficiency of 12.41% under standard conditions (AM 1.5, 100 mW·cm−2) was achieved for the perovskite solar cells fabricated from an aqueous non-halide lead precursor solution without spin-casting, which is an environmentally benign and low-cost manufacturing processes.

Functional materials, device architecture, and flexibility of perovskite solar cell

“…Apart from the best material choice, it is also essential to obtain a high-quality perovskite film. Different firm-forming methods have been developed such as spin coating [91], doctor blade [92], dip coating [93], slot-die coating [94], spray coating [95], inkjet printing [96], vapor-based deposition [97] etc. Among different film-forming methods, spin coating is the most popular and extensively used in the lab-scale perovskite solar cell fabrication process.…”

Bismuth‐Based Perovskite‐Inspired Solar Cells: In Situ Diagnostics Reveal Similarities and Differences in the Film Formation of Bismuth‐ and Lead‐Based Films

“…A wide range of thin film deposition techniques are available to make methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) hybrid perovskite films, including spin coating, dip coating, blade coating, and vacuum deposition, and different protocols have been developed for many of these techniques. To date, the one‐step spin coating process incorporating an antisolvent drip remains the most popular and facile implementation for fabricating high‐quality MAPbI 3 hybrid perovskite thin films on the laboratory scale and has been used for a wide range of other lead‐based perovskite formulations .…”

Highly efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with sequentially dip-coated deposited perovskite layers from a non-halide aqueous lead precursor

“…MAPbI 3 was prepared according to the method reported previously. 26 All the solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, TCI, and Alfa Aesar and were puried using appropriate methods. The MAPbI 3 precursor solution was prepared under a nitrogen atmosphere.…”

“…Therefore, it is challenging yet essential for commercial applications to develop inexpensive manufacturing processes that facilitate the formation of large-area perovskite lms via efficient routes including doctor-blade methods and inkjet or rollto-roll printing. 1,[25][26][27][28][29] Very recently, we reported an efficient approach for fabricating a large-area perovskite lm via successive deposition based on simple sequential dip-coating (SDC) using an aqueous non-halide lead precursor solution in a mesoscopic PrSC architecture. 26 The non-halide lead precursor has recently attracted interest to avoid toxic high-polarity aprotic organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, which are typically used owing to the poor solubility of lead halides.…”

“…1,[25][26][27][28][29] Very recently, we reported an efficient approach for fabricating a large-area perovskite lm via successive deposition based on simple sequential dip-coating (SDC) using an aqueous non-halide lead precursor solution in a mesoscopic PrSC architecture. 26 The non-halide lead precursor has recently attracted interest to avoid toxic high-polarity aprotic organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, which are typically used owing to the poor solubility of lead halides. Pb(NO 3 ) 2 was used as the non-halide lead precursor because of its compatibility with environmentally benign and low-cost non-toxic solvents such as water.…”