All-Optical Cryogenic Thermometry Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Nanodiamonds

Abstract

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been recognized as a high-sensitivity nanometer-scale metrology platform. Thermometry has been a recent focus, with attention largely confined to room temperature applications. Temperature sensing at low temperatures, however, remains challenging as the sensitivity decreases for many commonly used techniques, which rely on a temperature dependent frequency shift of NV center's spin resonance and its control with microwaves. Here we use an alternative approach that does not require microwaves, ratiometric all-optical thermometry, and demonstrate that it may be utilized to liquid nitrogen temperatures without deterioration of the sensitivity. The use of an array of nanodiamonds embedded within a portable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet provides a versatile temperature sensing platform that can probe a wide variety of systems without the configurational restrictions needed for applying microwaves. With this device, we observe a temperature gradient over tens of microns in a ferromagnetic-insulator substrate (yttrium iron garnet, YIG) under local heating by a resistive heater. This thermometry technique provides a cryogenically compatible, microwavefree, minimally invasive approach capable of probing local temperatures with few restrictions on the substrate materials.I.

Quantum Engineering With Hybrid Magnonic Systems and Materials (Invited Paper)

“…Early studies typically relied on the relatively random placement of defects such as those in drop-cast diamond nanoparticles. 230,253 Advances in deterministic placement of defects, including templated nanoparticle transfer, 209,254,255 nitrogen delta doping of diamond, [256][257][258] local laser annealing, 259 nanoimplantation, 260,261 and placement with scanning probe microscopy techniques 214,239 now allow for improved control of qubit positioning.…”

Real-time nanodiamond thermometry probing in vivo thermogenic responses

“…The nanodiamond (ND) quantum thermometers considered in the present study have emerged as a promising candidate ( 13 ), exhibiting excellent robustness ( 14 – 16 ), ultralow toxicity ( 15 , 17 ), various functionalized surfaces ( 18 , 19 ), and quantum-enhanced high sensitivity in living cells ( 20 , 21 ). The sensor reads temperature as a frequency shift of the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers, which mainly originates from thermal lattice expansion ( 22 ).…”

Identifying candidate hosts for quantum defects via data mining

“…Several such atomic defect systems, including vacancy centers in diamond [4][5][6][7][8][9] and silicon carbide 10 have been extensively studied for several applications, in particular quantum networks 11,12 , magnetometry and nanoscale sensors of magnetic fields 3,13,14 , electric fields 15 , temperature 16,17 or chemical composition using NMR 18,19 , often under ambient conditions at room temperature 20 . Another well-known class of defects is transition-metal and rareearth ion impurities.…”