All-dry, one-step synthesis, doping and film formation of conductive polypyrrole

Dianatdar, Afshin; Miola, Matteo; Luca, Oreste De; Rudolf, Petra; Picchioni, Francesco; Bose, Ranjita K.

doi:10.1039/d1tc05082f

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The SbCl 5 oxidant also resulted in the highest σ values for oCVD polythiophene 4 and polypyrrole 10 of 70 and 180 S · cm −1 , respectively. For oCVD poly-(3,4-ethylenediathia thiophene) (PEDTT), the all-sulfur analog of PEDOT, σ values > 1000 S · cm −1 were achieved using H 2 SO 4 as the volatile oxidant.…”

Section: Optoelectronic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Three-Dimensional (3D) Device Architectures Enabled by Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD)

Gleason

2022

Organic Materials

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For fabricating devices with three-dimensional (3D) architectures, oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD) offers conformal nanocoatings of polymers with designable composition. Pure, uniform and pinhole-free oCVD layers are achievable with sub-10 nm thickness and sub-1 nm roughness. The low substrate temperature used for oCVD, allows direct deposition onto the thermally sensitive substrates desired for flexible and wearable devices. The oCVD polymers can graft to the underlying material. The covalent chemical bonds to the substrate create a robust interface that prevents delamination during the subsequent device fabrication steps and exposure to the environmental conditions of device operation. Both electrically conducting and semiconducting polymers have been synthesized by oCVD. Small ions act as dopants. The oCVD process allows for systematic tuning of electrical, optical, thermal, and ionic transport properties. Copolymerization with oCVD can incorporate specific organic functional groups into the resulting conjugated organic materials. This short review highlights recent examples of using oCVD polymer to fabricate organic and hybrid organic-inorganic devices. These optoelectronic, electrochemical, and sensing devices utilize 3D architectures made possible by the conformal nature of the oCVD polymers. Table of Contents: 1 Introduction 2 oCVD Chemistry and Process 3 Optoelectronic Devices 4 Electrochemical Devices 5 Sensing Devices 6 Conclusion

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Section: Optoelectronic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Three-Dimensional (3D) Device Architectures Enabled by Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD)

Gleason

2022

Organic Materials

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“…PPy is an attractive conductive polymer for energy storage applications owing to its high electrical conductivity, processability, redox potential, eco-friendliness, and stability . It can be prepared through a chemical − or electrochemical polymerization route . The chemical polymerization of PPy involves the coupling of radical cations in which the oxidized pyrrole monomer gives rise to a radical cation at the start of the polymerization process.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mxene/ppy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 It can be prepared through a chemical 37 − 41 or electrochemical polymerization route. 42 The chemical polymerization of PPy involves the coupling of radical cations in which the oxidized pyrrole monomer gives rise to a radical cation at the start of the polymerization process. The oxidation of pyrrole can be facilitated with the use of oxidants (such as K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , FeCl 3 , CuCl 2 , and KMnO 4 ), halogens (e.g., chlorine, bromine, and iodine), and strong acids.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mxene/ppy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process proceeds in that format of oxidation, coupling, and deprotonation to eventually produce PPy. Afshin et al 42 employed a solvent-free deposition to synthesize highly conductive PPy films with a conductivity of 180 S·cm –1 , although this mechanism is different from the proposed chemical polymerization of pyrrole in an aqueous medium, particularly in water, due to its scalability and environmental benignity. Based on this, Yuefei et al 41 created a high crystalline PPy with a conductivity of 0.3 S cm –1 by using the interface area of the two solutions.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mxene/ppy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of MXene-Containing Polypyrrole Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Adekoya

Sadiku

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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The atomically thick two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the forefront of revolutionary technologies for energy storage devices. Due to their fascinating physical and chemical features, these materials have gotten a lot of attention. They are particularly appealing for a wide range of applications, including electrochemical storage systems, due to their simplicity of property tuning. The MXene is a type of 2D material that is widely recognized for its exceptional electrochemical characteristics. The use of these materials in conjunction with conducting polymers, notably polypyrrole (PPy), has opened new possibilities for lightweight, flexible, and portable electrodes. Therefore, herein we report a comprehensive review of recent achievements in the production of MXene/PPy nanocomposites. The structural–property relationship of this class of nanocomposites was taken into consideration with an elaborate discussion of the various characterizations employed. As a result, this research gives a narrative explanation of how PPy interacts with distinct MXenes to produce desirable high-performance nanocomposites. The effects of MXene incorporation on the thermal, electrical, and electrochemical characteristics of the resultant nanocomposites were discussed. Finally, it is critically reviewed and presented as an advanced composite material in electrochemical storage devices, energy conversion, electrochemical sensors, and electromagnetic interference shielding.

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“…Polypyrrole with its conjugated backbone shows good electrical conductivity but suffers from insolubility in common organic solvents. The poor solubility of the polymer poses a serious problem in sensor fabrication and thereby limiting its use 27 . Poly(o‐aminophenol) film coated on platinum substrate was used as dopamine sensor with excellent selectivity and good recovery characteristics 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive acetone sensor based on conjugated polymer nanocomposites

Shivaswamy

Vishnumurthy

Kusanur

2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A copolymer of pyrrole and o-aminophenol was synthesized by single step oxidative polymerization technique. Two different nanocomposites of copolymer with α-Fe 2 O 3 and Co-α-Fe 2 O 3 were prepared and acetone sensing property of both composites were studied at room temperature with different gas concentrations. The calculated sensitivity of the Co-α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was 0.68 and α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was 0.44. The sensitivity of prepared composites was higher than the pure polymer.The LOD of the α-Fe 2 O 3 composite was found to be 0.13 ppm and Co-α-Fe 2 O 3 composite was 0.37 ppm. Both the prepared composites have showed excellent selectivity with good repeatability for the acetone gas. The 20% Co-Fe 2 O 3 containing nanocomposite sensor exhibited faster response time of 1.4 s and recovery time of 4.4 s towards the target gas and 15% α-Fe 2 O 3 containing nanocomposite sensor exhibited the response time of 1.4 s and recovery time of 4.8 s for the acetone gas.The polymer and the nanocomposites have shown excellent repeatability for 7 cycles.The faster response of the sensor can be attributed to the increased number of oxygen vacancies on the sensor as well as the free O H groups present in the polymer back bone.

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All-dry, one-step synthesis, doping and film formation of conductive polypyrrole

Abstract: Oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) is an extremely effective method for solvent-free deposition of highly conductive polypyrrole films, where polymer synthesis, doping, and film formation are combined in a single...

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Three-Dimensional (3D) Device Architectures Enabled by Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD)

Three-Dimensional (3D) Device Architectures Enabled by Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD)

Applications of MXene-Containing Polypyrrole Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Highly sensitive acetone sensor based on conjugated polymer nanocomposites

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