All-Cellulose Composites: A Review of Recent Studies on Structure, Properties and Applications

Abstract

Nowadays, there is greater demand for greener materials in societies due to environmental consciousness, depleting fossil fuels and growing ecological concerns. Within the foreseeable future, industries and suppliers will be required to be more aware of challenges faced due to the availability of resources and use more sustainable and renewable raw materials. In this context, cellulose can be expected to become a vital resource for materials owing to its abundance, versatility as a biopolymer, several different forms and potential applications. Thus, all-cellulose composites (ACCs) have gained significant research interest in recent years. ACC is a class of biocomposites in which the matrix is a dissolved and regenerated cellulose, while the reinforcement is undissolved or partly dissolved cellulose. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of works that cover recent progress in the manufacturing and processing techniques for ACCs, various cellulose sources, solvents and antisolvents, as well as their properties.

Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Novel Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams Using Cellulose-Derived Polyol for Chain Extension and Cellulose Citrate as a Thickener Additive

“…In terms of the future prospect of a totally sustainable economy, chemistry plays a central role [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Cellulose is the major component of natural feedstocks and the most important efforts of the scientific community are focused on the development of new methodologies for its transformation [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Pyrolysis is one of the oldest chemical methods to convert cellulose into useful platform molecules such as sugars, furans or bio-oil mixtures [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Characterizing Bacterial Cellulose Produced byKomagataeibacter sucrofermentans H-110 on Molasses Medium and Obtaining a Biocomposite Based on It for the Adsorption of Fluoride

“…Nowadays, there is a greater demand for biodegradable materials due to growing ecological concerns [ 1 ]. Natural materials based on plant (wood) cellulose, the most abundant organic biopolymer on earth, have long been used because they are widely availability, renewable, and biodegradable.…”

Exploring digital image correlation technique for the analysis of the tensile properties of all-cellulose composites

“…The above-mentioned mechanical properties far exceed the values reported for the traditional unidirectional natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Nevertheless, the majority of the tensile properties of ACCs lies in the interval of 1-20 GPa for Young's modulus and 50-200 MPa for tensile strength (Baghaei and Skrifvars 2020). The results depend on numerous parameters such as the origin of the reinforcing fibers, their concentration and alignment, and processing conditions (type of solvent, dissolution or impregnation time and temperature, drying mode, etc.)…”

“…The results depend on numerous parameters such as the origin of the reinforcing fibers, their concentration and alignment, and processing conditions (type of solvent, dissolution or impregnation time and temperature, drying mode, etc.) (Baghaei and Skrifvars 2020). It should be noted that the values obtained with tensile testing also depend on sample geometry and the method used to obtain the specimen elongation (directly from the tensile machine, from extensometer in which gauges are ''clipped'' on the material, using video extensometers or digital image correlation (DIC)).…”