Alkali-silica reaction in concrete: Mechanisms, mitigation and test methods

Figueira, Rita B.; Sousa, Rui; Coelho, L.; Azenha, Miguel; Almeida, José; Jorge, P. A. S.; Silva, Carlos J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.230

Cited by 153 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 297 publications

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“…ASR is an issue still gaining importance in NAC [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], although there are already preventive recommendations to avoid ASR occurrence in new concrete constructions [ 47 ]. These recommendations include limiting the alkalinity of the concrete’s pore solution, ensuring the use of non-reactive aggregate combinations, reducing moisture access or maintaining the concrete sufficiently dry, and also modifying the properties of the gel to be non-expansive [ 47 ].…”

Section: Asr Problem On Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2020

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Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the major degradation causes of concrete. This highly deleterious reaction has aroused the attention of researchers, in order to develop methodologies for its prevention and mitigation, but despite the efforts made, there is still no efficient cure to control its expansive consequences. The incorporation of recycled aggregates in concrete raises several ASR issues, mainly due to the difficult control of the source concrete reactivity level and the lack of knowledge on ASR’s evolution in new recycled aggregate concrete. This paper reviews several research works on ASR in concrete with recycled aggregates, and the main findings are presented in order to contribute to the knowledge and discussion of ASR in recycled aggregate concrete. It has been observed that age, exposure conditions, crushing and the heterogeneity source can influence the alkalis and reactive silica contents in the recycled aggregates. The use of low contents of highly reactive recycled aggregates as a replacement for natural aggregates can be done without an increase in expansion of concrete. ASR expansion tests and ASR mitigation measures need to be further researched to incorporate a higher content of recycled aggregates.

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Section: Asr Problem On Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solution silicates reacts with calcium to form calcium and aluminium silicate hydrates (C–S–H and C-A-S-H) and ASR gel [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Several discussions concerning the fundamentals of ASR mechanism were analysed and summarized in a Figueira et al [ 46 ] review.…”

Section: Asr Problem On Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2020

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“…For instance, the application of OFS to monitor properties such as the curvature and deflection of bridges [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], the onset of cracking [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], and temperature [ 43 , 44 ] has been consistently reported. Nevertheless, besides physical properties, other parameters such as pH level [ 45 , 46 ], relative humidity [ 47 , 48 , 49 ], chloride content [ 50 , 51 , 52 ], and alkali-silica reactions (ASR) [ 53 ] are also responsible for earlier failure of civil engineering structures. The development of robust and accurate monitoring sensing systems is of extreme importance as they will allow the service life of concrete structures to increase and costs saved at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Optical and Electrical Characterization of Amino-alcohol Based Sol-gel Hybrid Materials

et al. 2020

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This manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of five new organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) sol-gel materials that were obtained from a functionalized siloxane 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) by the reaction with the new Jeffamine®, namely three different diamines, i.e., EDR-148, RFD-270, and THF-170, a secondary diamine, i.e., SD-2001, and a triamine, i.e., T-403. The OIH sol-gel materials were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry, steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The reported OIH sol-gel materials showed that, with the exception of the samples prepared with Jeffamine® SD-2001, the transmittance values ranged between 61% and 79%. Regarding the capacitance data, the values reported changed between 0.008 and 0.013 nF cm−2. Due to their optical and electrical properties these new OIH materials show promising properties for applications as support films in an optical sensor area such as fiber sensor devices. Studies to assess the chemical stability of the OIH materials in contact with cement pastes after 7, 14, and 28 days were also performed. The samples prepared with THF–170 and GPTMS, when compared to the samples prepared with RFD-270 and T-403, exhibited improved behavior in the cement paste (alkaline environment), showing promising properties for application as support film in optical fiber sensors in the civil engineering field.

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“…The lifetime of a civil structure depends on environmental conditions, the concrete mix design, among other factors. The presence of ASR has been detected as early as 1 year after construction completion, such as reported at the Parker dam, in California, in 1939 [1], [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) - Investigation of crystallographic parameters of natural sands by backscattered electron diffraction

Portella

Lagoeiro

Bronholo

et al. 2021

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater.

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This study involved analyzing several natural sands to ascertain the possible causes for distress due to ASR. The analyses were performed using the following techniques: X-ray diffractometry, accelerated mortar bar tests (AMBT), electron backscattering diffraction and elementary chemistry analyses, by FEG-SEM/EBSD/EDS. These experiments allowed identifying the presence of several mineral composites (such as microcline, anorthite, among others), as well as the microstructural-crystallographic planes of quartz (such as the Dauphiné type). From the results it could be inferred that the multiple techniques used, especially the FEG-SEM / EBSD, proved to be promising in the analysis of the ASR potential of sands for use in Portland cement mortars and concretes.

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Alkali-silica reaction in concrete: Mechanisms, mitigation and test methods

Cited by 153 publications

References 297 publications

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Synthesis, Optical and Electrical Characterization of Amino-alcohol Based Sol-gel Hybrid Materials

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) - Investigation of crystallographic parameters of natural sands by backscattered electron diffraction

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