Alkali catalyzed transesterification of cottonseed oil by microwave irradiation

Azcan, N.; Danisman, Aysegul

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.021

Cited by 189 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Emulsification was resulted due to the large amount of soap formation in samples. Therefore, there are some by-products remained unwashed in the FAME samples 19 .…”

Section: Studies Of Bautistamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil

Wong¹,

Devi²

2014

Orient. J. Chem.

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Production of biodiesel was involved transesterification process that implicated the reaction between used cooking oil and methanol with aid of KOH. The reaction was carried out at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min to evaluate the effect of reaction time on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The highest yield of FAME was obtained at reaction time 60 min. Besides that, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was studied by changing the reaction temperature at 30°C, 60°C, 75°C, 90°C, and 120°C. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was obtained at 60°C.All samples of biodiesel at different reaction time and temperature were contained high amount of bounded glycerol.Biodiesel was successfully reduced 39.2 percent opacities level of smoke released by diesel engine.Biodiesel was less efficient in performance of engine when compared with diesel fuel.

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“…Emulsification was resulted due to the large amount of soap formation in samples. Therefore, there are some by-products remained unwashed in the FAME samples 19 .…”

Section: Studies Of Bautistamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil

Wong¹,

Devi²

2014

Orient. J. Chem.

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“…In general, basecatalysed transesterification is limited to feedstocks with high FFA levels that are neutralized with base catalysts to form soap (saponification). Soap poisoning at the active site resulted in catalyst deactivation reducing biodiesel yield 17 . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resistance Of Kcl/cao Catalyst To Raw Materials With High Acimentioning

confidence: 99%

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WinWin¹,

Somsook

2012

ScienceAsia

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A KCl-doped CaO catalyst synthesized by a wet impregnation method under microwave irradiation was studied in the transesterification of refined soybean oil with methanol at 338 K. The catalyst was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, and FT-IR techniques. The basic strength of the catalysts was also determined by the Hammett indicator method. The KCl/CaO catalyst exhibited a chemical stability in the reaction medium as well as a good resistance to feedstocks with high acidity.

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“…Esses resultados estão de acordo com dados anteriores da literatura que usaram micro-ondas e condições semelhantes, realizando a reação em 5 min e 1,3% de NaoH para o óleo de colza, 65 4 min para óleos de fritura 66 e 7 min para o óleo de algodão. 67 outros óleos têm sido transesterificados com metanol usando NaoH [55][56][57][58][59][60] ou KoH 57,60,61 ou ainda submetidos inicialmente à esterificação com ácido sulfúrico devido ao alto conteúdo de AGLs, seguido de transesterificação com NaoH ou com KoH como catalisador. 34,35,[62][63][64] Entre esses óleos estão o de tucum, 55 o de peixe marinho bruto, 56 colza (canola), 57 girassol, 58 palmiste, 59 karanja 60 e gergelim.…”

Section: Processo Industrial Catálise Alcalina E Catálise áCidaunclassified

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Dabdoub¹,

Bronzel²,

Rampin³

2009

Quím. Nova

103

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Recebido em 27/2/09; aceito em 31/3/09; publicado na web em 7/4/09 BioDiESEL: A CRiTiCAL oVERViEW oN THE CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTiVES AT THE ACADEmY AND iNDUSTRY. This article presents a bibliographic review of research carried out on different alternative processes for biodiesel production. The supercritical and subcritical (non catalytic) reaction conditions, the use of solid basic, solid acid and other heterogeneous catalysts, including the use of immobilized enzymes and whole-cell catalysts are also critically compared with the traditional homogeneous alkaline or acid catalysts that are common on industrial applications. Advantages and limitations of all these processes for the transference from the laboratory to the industry are discussed. A correlation of the chemical composition with the quality parameters of the produced biodiesel is done with aim to stablish adequate procedures for the right selection of the rawmaterial. Castor bean oil is used as an example of inappropriate oil in order to produce a B100 that fulfill all the international physicochemical quality standards. in this article are presented research results to adequate the values of viscosity, density and iodine number of the castor and soybean biodiesel to the international standard limits by means blending these both biodiesels at the right ratio.Keywords: transesterification; biodiesel; catalysts. introduÇãoAumento da demanda mundial por combustíveis líquidos, aquecimento global, segurança energética, vontade política por desenvolvimento nos campos agrícola, social e também energético são pontos que abrem novas áreas de interesse e oportunidades para pesquisas e desenvolvimento na Academia e na indústria, pois são as forças motoras responsáveis pelo renovado interesse na produção de biocombustíveis.Um dos grandes destaques da atualidade na área de biocombustí-veis é o interesse pelo uso de recursos naturais baseados em materiais lignocelulósicos 1-3 para a produção de etanol ou por fontes produtoras de lipídeos usados para a produção de biodiesel.Biodiesel é o nome dado a ésteres alquílicos de ácidos graxos desde que atendam certos parâmetros de qualidade. 4-8 Além de esses ésteres serem derivados de fontes biológicas como plantas e animais, atuam como combustível substituto ao diesel de petróleo, com desempenho muito próximo, não exigindo modificações nos motores. Tradicionalmente o biodiesel é produzido através das reações de transesterificação de triglicerídeos, usando geralmente catalisadores alcalinos, 9 ou da esterificação de ácidos graxos livres, sendo que neste último caso, os ácidos graxos livres (AGLs) são submetidos à reação direta com um álcool de 4 carbonos ou menos, na presença de catalisadores ácidos. 10-12 mais recentemente o uso de diversos catalisadores heterogêneos tem sido descrito na literatura. 13 Transesterificação é o processo de transformação de um éster carboxílico em outro, através da troca do grupo Ro -presente no éster original, por outro grupo semelhante proveniente de um álcool na presença de um catalisa...

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Alkali catalyzed transesterification of cottonseed oil by microwave irradiation

Cited by 189 publications

References 11 publications

Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil

Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil

Untitled

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

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