Airflow pattern and temperature distribution in a typical refrigerated truck configuration loaded with pallets

Moureh, Jean; Flick, Denis

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.03.003

Cited by 118 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To address these questions regarding produce cooling behaviour in refrigerated containers, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a more appropriate tool and nicely complements basic calculations and experiments. CFD has been applied extensively within a FAC context Dehghannya et al, 2012Dehghannya et al, , 2011Dehghannya et al, , 2010Delele et al, 2013aDelele et al, , 2013bFerrua and Singh, 2011, 2009a, 2009bSmale et al, 2006;Verboven et al, 2006;Zou et al, 2006aZou et al, , 2006b, but only to a very limited extent for cooling during transport (James et al, 2006;Moureh and Flick, 2004;Moureh et al, 2009Moureh et al, , 2002Tapsoba et al, 2007Tapsoba et al, , 2006, predominantly for refrigerated vehicles.…”

Section: Side Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Defraeye

Cronjé

Verboven

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Defraeye T., Cronjé P., Verboven P., Opara U.L., , Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics, Postharvest Biology and Technology 108, 91-101. AbstractA promising cold-chain protocol is explored as an alternative to the commonly-used forced-air pre-cooling (FAC) of citrus fruit prior to shipping: ambient loading of fruit in reefer containers for cooling during long-haul marine transport. Despite the multiple logistical and economical savings it provides, the potential of "ambient loading" of fruit in reefer containers has been left largely unexplored. The present study targets this aspect, but also cooling by vertical airflow in general. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to identify differences in cooling rate and uniformity between individual boxes at different heights on a pallet and between individual fruit within a single box. Simulations show that low airflow rates, typical for refrigerated containers, do not only induce slower fruit cooling, compared to FAC airflow rates, but also the cooling heterogeneity between different layers of boxes (in height) and between individual fruit in a single box is larger. In addition, the presence of gaps between pallets invokes airflow short-circuiting, leading to highly reduced fruit cooling rates. Finally, strategies for future improvement of the ambient loading protocol are proposed, which in the first place should target faster and more uniform cooling. Keywordscomputational fluid dynamics; package design; cold chain; airflow short-circuits; vent holes; convective transfer Defraeye T., Cronjé P., Verboven P., Opara U.L., , Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics, Postharvest Biology and Technology 108, 91-101.http://dx

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Section: Side Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Defraeye

Cronjé

Verboven

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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“…With the different possible turbulence models present in the literature in similar applications and available in Comsol (k-ε, k-ω, ..), some test simulations were made to determine the most suitable turbulence model for the analysis of the convective flows within the mobile container [6] [7].…”

Section: Turbulence Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Computation of Airflow in a Transport Container

Cardinale¹,

Fazio²,

Grandizio³

2016

IJHT

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The aim of this work is to perform a numerical and experimental analysis of convective flows inside an intermodal container refrigerated in hybrid mode, active by compressor and passive by eutectic plates, in the course of a simulated trip, in order to verify the distribution uniformity of the cold. This report shows the numerical simulation model implemented thanks to the use of Comsol Multiphysics 4.3b, a scientific commercial software CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) that allows thermofluidodynamic simulations. Two operation modes were considered in the model, one in laminar flow to reproduce the OFF cycle of the compressor with the only action of the eutectic plates, the other one in turbulent flow to reproduce the ON cycle of the compressor. In the second case, the k-ε model was used as a model of turbulence RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes). The results of this numerical analysis were compared with experimental data acquired during the simulated trip to validate the implemented model.

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“…Temperature differences inside a truck of up to 12 Kelvin [4] can cause severe deviations in product quality. Sea containers with air ducts in the floor allow for a better air flow distribution, but differences between pallet surfaces and core temperatures can still reach 6 Kelvin [5].…”

Section: Wireless Sensors In Cool Chain Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Minimum Number of Sensors – Interpolation of Spatial Temperature Profiles in Chilled Transports

Jedermann¹,

Lang²

2009

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Wireless sensor networks are an important tool for the supervision of cool chains. Previous research with a high number of measurement points revealed spatial temperature deviations of more than 5 °C in chilled transport, but the number of sensors has to be reduced to an economically useful value for use in regular transport. This paper presents a method to estimate the minimum number of sensors and to compare different sensor positioning strategies. Different methods of interpolating the temperature data of intermediate positions were applied to the experimental data from a delivery truck. The average prediction error for intermediate points was estimated as a function of the number of sensors. The Kriging method, originally developed for the interpolation of geostatistical data, produced the best results.

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Airflow pattern and temperature distribution in a typical refrigerated truck configuration loaded with pallets

Cited by 118 publications

References 17 publications

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Numerical and Experimental Computation of Airflow in a Transport Container

The Minimum Number of Sensors – Interpolation of Spatial Temperature Profiles in Chilled Transports

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