Air quality index pattern around petroleum production facilities

Sonibare, Jacob Ademola; Adebiyi, F. M.; Obanijesu, Emmanuel; Okelana, O.A.

doi:10.1108/14777831011036920

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…include: oil spills and leakages; venting; sludge disposal; and flaring (Almanza et al, 2012;Osuji and Adesiyan, 2005;Osuji and Onojake, 2004;Sonibare et al, 2010). The postproduction impact of oil and gas on the environment is also a major source of concern, but is not the subject of this review.…”

Section: Variables Used and Their Meanings U Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Gas flaring and resultant air pollution: A review focusing on black carbon

Fawole

Cai

MacKenzie

2016

Environmental Pollution

138

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Gas flaring is a prominent source of VOCs, CO, CO2, SO2, PAH, NOX and soot (black carbon), all of which are important pollutants which interact, directly and indirectly, in the Earth's climatic processes. Globally, over 130 billion cubic metres of gas are flared annually. We review the contribution of gas flaring to air pollution on local, regional and global scales, with special emphasis on black carbon (BC, "soot"). The temporal and spatial characteristics of gas flaring distinguishes it from mobile combustion sources (transport), while the open-flame nature of gas flaring distinguishes it from industrial point-sources; the high temperature, flame control, and spatial compactness distinguishes gas flaring from both biomass burning and domestic fuel-use. All of these distinguishing factors influence the quantity and characteristics of BC production from gas flaring, so that it is important to consider this source separately in emissions inventories and environmental field studies. Estimate of the yield of pollutants from gas flaring have, to date, paid little or no attention to the emission of BC with the assumption often being made that flaring produces a smokeless flame. In gas flares, soot yield is known to depend on a number of factors, and there is a need to develop emission estimates and modelling frameworks that take these factors into consideration. Hence, emission inventories, especially of the soot yield from gas flaring should give adequate consideration to the variation of fuel gas composition, and to combustion characteristics, which are strong determinants of the nature and quantity of pollutants emitted. The buoyant nature of gas flaring plume, often at temperatures in the range of 2000 K, coupled with the height of the stack enables some of the pollutants to escape further into the free troposphere aiding their long-range transport, which is often not well-captured by model studies.

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Section: Variables Used and Their Meanings U Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Gas flaring and resultant air pollution: A review focusing on black carbon

Fawole

Cai

MacKenzie

2016

Environmental Pollution

138

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“…During dry season, ambient air of the sampling region is safe with no cause for concern with respect to CO as the T potential for all sampling points is less than unity (Table 6). However, T potentials computed for NO 2 during dry season (Table 6) indicates a great cause for concern as exposure can aggravate heart or lung diseases leading to respiratory problems symptoms and increase premature mortality in persons with cardiopulmonary disease, children and the elderly [19]. Results computed in Table 6 also indicate that more potential harm is attributed to region around S point A, S point B and S point C because T potentials obtained are greatly above unity and these parts of the sampling region are the main commercial and domestic part of the haulage vehicle park.…”

Section: Toxicity Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollutants adverse effects on human health and welfares are enormous about 2.4 million people die every year due to air pollution [2,26]. CO, a major product of incomplete combustion, is a colorless, odorless, highly toxic and non-irritating poisonous gas [11,22], could enter the bloodstream through the lungs impair the hemoglobin on the red blood cell from caring oxygen to all parts of the body and may lead to dizziness, poor learning ability, reduced work capacity, difficulty in performing complex tasks and can also cause death at higher concentration level of exposure [10,12,19,21,24]. NO 2 which is one of the highly reactive nitrogen oxides (NO x ) causes serious health effects, contributes to acid rain, haze and affects water quality [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and toxicity potential of gaseous criteria air pollutants in the ambient air around a typical haulage truck stop

et al. 2019

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This study investigated the spatial distribution and toxicity potential of gaseous criteria air pollutants in the ambient air around a typical haulage truck stop. ToxiRAE II Gas Monitors were used to monitor ambient concentrations of the criteria pollutants both for dry season and wet season. Five sampling points were considered, and a control sampling point was set at about 55 km away from the influence of activities of the truck stop. The results showed the dry season average 24-h concentrations of NO 2 with the range of 0.064-0.335 ppm while CO ranged between 0.919 and 4.911 ppm. During the wet season, the average concentrations of NO 2 ranged between 0.003 and 0.052 ppm, while CO concentration ranged between 0.000 and 4.798 ppm. The result showed average concentration of CO at all sampling points for both dry and wet season was below the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Environment (FEPA) national air quality standard of 10 ppm. However, average concentration of NO 2 at all sampling points during the dry season were above FEPA and World Bank air quality standards except sampling point D. The results also showed the toxicity potential which exceeded unity at some of the designated sampling points is of major concern especially among people with respiratory or heart disease. The study showed the haulage truck stop contributes greatly to the ambient gaseous criteria air pollutants.

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“…Consequently, the result of gas flaring is that communities observe a continual bright light, making it difficult to distinguish night from day and that constant deafening noises caused by hardware on the site, dehydration and heat waves from gas flares exacerbate this situation [37]. In oil and gas production, emitters of air pollutants include trans-shipment stations, maritime floating port terminals, drilling platforms, crude oil recovering platforms, linking platforms, water injection platforms, pumping platforms, shelter platforms, telecommunication platforms, crude oil measurement platforms, and flaring platforms [44]. Duru noted that the cost of gas flaring is significant when calculated in monetary terms [20].…”

Section: The Concept Of Environmental Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Relationship Between Environmental Degradation of Oil Companies and Economic Growth of Nigeria

Jonathan¹

2018

IJFBR

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When natural resources such as oil and gas are enhanced for economic growth and well-being of the citizenry, the nation invariably finds herself experiencing an array of pollutants including carbon dioxide, warming, and other greenhouse emission. This research therefore is set to analyse the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth in Nigeria. The objective of the research was decomposed to ascertain if a significant relationship exists between oil spillage and economic growth, gas flaring and economic growth and finally between number of fire outbreaks and economic growth of Nigeria. Descriptive survey research was used and data were collected via Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation statistical bulletin. The population of the research were the whole oil companies operating in Nigeria. Pearson Coefficient of Correlation was the statistical tool used to analyse the hypotheses and that was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The result of the analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between oil spillage and economic growth, high significant relationship between gas flaring and economic growth and the no significant relationship between number of fire outbreaks and economic growth of Nigeria. The study thus concluded that there is no significant relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth safe for gas flaring which has a high significant relationship with economic growth and recommended among other things that the government should declare a state of emergency on gas flaring by oil companies as it was found to have a very high negative significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria.

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Air quality index pattern around petroleum production facilities

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Gas flaring and resultant air pollution: A review focusing on black carbon

Gas flaring and resultant air pollution: A review focusing on black carbon

Spatial distribution and toxicity potential of gaseous criteria air pollutants in the ambient air around a typical haulage truck stop

Analysis of the Relationship Between Environmental Degradation of Oil Companies and Economic Growth of Nigeria

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